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动词不定式是初中英语重要语法项目之一,也是历年各地中考必考热点内容之一。本文结合近年中考题,对动词不定式的考查热点归纳如下:
一、考查动词不定式作主语的用法
【考点分析】动词不定式作主语时,可以直接放在主语的位置,但更为常见的是用先行词it作形式主语,而将真正的主语(不定式)置于句末。常见的句型有:1. It is adj.(for sb) to do sth; 2. It is n.(for sb) to do sth; 3. It takes sb some time to do sth; 4. It is adj.(of sb) to do sth。
【典型考题】
It took my daughter two weeks ______ the novels ______ by Yang Hongying.(2007年山东潍坊)
A. read; writte
B. to read; written
C. reading; to write
D. to read; write
Keys: B
二、考查不定式作宾语的用法
【考点分析】有些及物动词后常用不定式作宾语,常见的动词有want,like,agree,hope,wish,learn,start,begin,decide,hate,choose,prefer,expect,love,offer,refuse,fail,plan等。如果不定式作宾语时后接形容词宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,而把不定式放到句尾。其句型结构为:主语 谓语 it 宾语补足语 动词不定式(短语)。特别要注意的是,有些动词(短语)后面可接动词不定式作宾语,又可接动名词作宾语,但它们所表达的意义不同,对此,应该弄清楚它们的区别。常见的这类动词(短语)有:remember/forget to do sth记住/忘记要做某事;remember/forget doing sth记得/忘记曾做过某事。stop to do sth停下来(正在做的事)去做另一件事;stop doing sth停止正在做的事。go on to do sth做完一件事后,继续做另一件事; go on doing sth继续做原来做的事(同一件事),等等。
【典型考题】
1.―Mr. Wang, I have trouble ______ the text.
―Remember ______ it three times at least.(2007年山东威海)
A. to understand; reading
B. understanding; reading
C. understanding; to read
D. to understand; to read
2. When the little boy
someone coming upstairs, he stopped
______ . (2006年江苏无锡)
A. heard; to cry
B. listened; crying
C. heard; crying
D. listened; to cry
3. He found it difficult ______. (2005年浙江台州)
A. to sleepB. sleeping
C. sleepsD. slept
Keys: 1. C2.C3. A
三、考查动词不定式作宾语补足语的用法
【考点分析】有些及物动词后要求用带to的不定式作宾语补足语,其句型结构为:动词 宾语 to do sth。常见的这类动词有:tell, ask, invite, teach, wonder, know, beg, expect, advise, allow, encourage, order, warn, force等。
【典型考题】
1. Alice asked me ______ another bag for her.(2007年北京)
A. getB. got
C. to get D. getting
2. Our parents often tell us not
______ . (2007年湖南长沙)
A. swimB. to swimC. swimming
Keys: 1. C2. B
四、考查动词不定式作定语的用法
【考点分析】动词不定式作后置定语时,与被修饰的名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。若动词不定式是不及物动词时,则要带上与之搭配的介词,构成及物动词短语。动词不定式作后置定语,常用于have sth to do或enough n. to do结构中。
【典型考题】
1. ―Laura, we’ve decided ______ on a trip this afternoon. Will you join us?
―I’m afraid not. I have a composition ______. (2006年江苏扬州)
A. to go; to write
B. to go; writing
C. going; to write
D. going; writing
2. I think the room is too small for us ______ .(2005年四川资阳)
A. to liveB. living in
C. to live in D. live in
3. There’s enough bird food
______ for a month.(2005年山西)
A.to last B. last
C. lastsD. lasted
Keys: 1. A2. C3.A
(未完待续)
一、考查动词不定式作主语的用法
【考点分析】动词不定式作主语时,可以直接放在主语的位置,但更为常见的是用先行词it作形式主语,而将真正的主语(不定式)置于句末。常见的句型有:1. It is adj.(for sb) to do sth; 2. It is n.(for sb) to do sth; 3. It takes sb some time to do sth; 4. It is adj.(of sb) to do sth。
【典型考题】
It took my daughter two weeks ______ the novels ______ by Yang Hongying.(2007年山东潍坊)
A. read; writte
B. to read; written
C. reading; to write
D. to read; write
Keys: B
二、考查不定式作宾语的用法
【考点分析】有些及物动词后常用不定式作宾语,常见的动词有want,like,agree,hope,wish,learn,start,begin,decide,hate,choose,prefer,expect,love,offer,refuse,fail,plan等。如果不定式作宾语时后接形容词宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,而把不定式放到句尾。其句型结构为:主语 谓语 it 宾语补足语 动词不定式(短语)。特别要注意的是,有些动词(短语)后面可接动词不定式作宾语,又可接动名词作宾语,但它们所表达的意义不同,对此,应该弄清楚它们的区别。常见的这类动词(短语)有:remember/forget to do sth记住/忘记要做某事;remember/forget doing sth记得/忘记曾做过某事。stop to do sth停下来(正在做的事)去做另一件事;stop doing sth停止正在做的事。go on to do sth做完一件事后,继续做另一件事; go on doing sth继续做原来做的事(同一件事),等等。
【典型考题】
1.―Mr. Wang, I have trouble ______ the text.
―Remember ______ it three times at least.(2007年山东威海)
A. to understand; reading
B. understanding; reading
C. understanding; to read
D. to understand; to read
2. When the little boy
someone coming upstairs, he stopped
______ . (2006年江苏无锡)
A. heard; to cry
B. listened; crying
C. heard; crying
D. listened; to cry
3. He found it difficult ______. (2005年浙江台州)
A. to sleepB. sleeping
C. sleepsD. slept
Keys: 1. C2.C3. A
三、考查动词不定式作宾语补足语的用法
【考点分析】有些及物动词后要求用带to的不定式作宾语补足语,其句型结构为:动词 宾语 to do sth。常见的这类动词有:tell, ask, invite, teach, wonder, know, beg, expect, advise, allow, encourage, order, warn, force等。
【典型考题】
1. Alice asked me ______ another bag for her.(2007年北京)
A. getB. got
C. to get D. getting
2. Our parents often tell us not
______ . (2007年湖南长沙)
A. swimB. to swimC. swimming
Keys: 1. C2. B
四、考查动词不定式作定语的用法
【考点分析】动词不定式作后置定语时,与被修饰的名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。若动词不定式是不及物动词时,则要带上与之搭配的介词,构成及物动词短语。动词不定式作后置定语,常用于have sth to do或enough n. to do结构中。
【典型考题】
1. ―Laura, we’ve decided ______ on a trip this afternoon. Will you join us?
―I’m afraid not. I have a composition ______. (2006年江苏扬州)
A. to go; to write
B. to go; writing
C. going; to write
D. going; writing
2. I think the room is too small for us ______ .(2005年四川资阳)
A. to liveB. living in
C. to live in D. live in
3. There’s enough bird food
______ for a month.(2005年山西)
A.to last B. last
C. lastsD. lasted
Keys: 1. A2. C3.A
(未完待续)