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对主要癌基因和肿瘤抑制基因的研究表明NSCLC与SCLC在遗传损伤方面有特征性区别,并可以此结合临床加以鉴别。所有肺癌中半数以上具有p53肿瘤抑制基因突变,但并不表明突变与存活之间有关联。约20％NSCLC病人的肿瘤及肿瘤细胞系中发生ras家族癌基因的突变,相反45例SCLC病人的肿瘤及肿瘤细胞系ras基因无一例突变。回顾调查存活的NSCLC病人,发现K-ras基因突变是决定患者预后的一个不利因素。吸烟肿瘤病人K-ras基因突变比非吸烟者更常见,而对接触放射性元素镭的职业性肺癌并未检测出K-ras突变。肺癌的p53和K-ras基因突变几乎都是G→T颠换,而其他癌症则是G→A颠换。从密切随访
Studies on the major oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes have shown that NSCLC and SCLC have characteristic differences in genetic damage and can be identified by clinical application. More than half of all lung cancers have p53 tumor suppressor mutations, but do not indicate a link between mutations and survival. About 20% of NSCLC patients had tumors and tumor cell lines that had ras family oncogene mutations. On the contrary, 45 cases of SCLC patients had no mutations in the tumor and tumor cell lines ras genes. A review of surviving NSCLC patients revealed that K-ras gene mutations are a detrimental factor in the prognosis of patients. K-ras mutations in smoking cancer patients are more common than in non-smokers. K-ras mutations have not been detected in occupational lung cancers exposed to radioactive elemental radium. The p53 and K-ras mutations in lung cancer are almost all G → T transversions, while other cancers are G → A transversions. Follow up closely