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磷是植物生长的限制因子之一,土壤中占主导地位的有机磷只有在磷酸酶矿化水解作用后才能被作物吸收利用。因此,研究土壤磷酸酶活性特征可为活化土壤中作物较难利用的磷素提供一些途径或方法。本文以紫花苜蓿和栗钙土为研究对象,在盆栽试验条件下分析了不同梯度磷肥施用(P)和水分(W)下的土壤磷酸酶活性特征。结果表明,土壤碱性磷酸单酯酶活性(99.2~170.0 mg para-nitrophenol·kg~(-1) soil·h~(-1))高于酸性磷酸单酯酶活性(24.7~56.9 mg para-nitrophenol·kg~(-1) soil·h~(-1));水肥交互作用对土壤酸性磷酸单酯酶活性和磷酸二酯酶活性均产生显著影响;其中,在常规水分处理条件下,高施磷肥抑制土壤无机焦磷酸酶活性;重度干旱降低了紫花苜蓿土壤酸性磷酸单酯酶、磷酸二酯酶和无机焦磷酸酶活性,但在干旱条件下施磷肥量的增加可提高土壤酸性、碱性磷酸单酯酶活性。因此,通过控制土壤水分和磷肥施用量可达到抑制或激活土壤磷酸酶活性的目的。
Phosphorus is one of the limiting factors in plant growth. The predominant organic phosphorus in soil can be absorbed and utilized by crops only after phosphatase mineralization and hydrolysis. Therefore, studying the characteristics of soil phosphatase activity may provide some ways or means for activating the more difficult-to-use phosphorus in the soil. In this paper, alfalfa and chestnut soil were selected as the research object. The characteristics of soil phosphatase activity under different phosphorus application (P) and water (W) under pot experiment were analyzed. The results showed that soil alkaline phosphatase activity (99.2-170.0 mg para-nitrophenol · kg -1 soil · h -1) was higher than that of acid phosphatase (24.7-56.9 mg para- nitrophenol · kg -1 soil · h -1). The interaction of water and fertilizer had significant effects on the activity of soil acid phosphatase and phosphodiesterase. Among them, under the condition of conventional water treatment, Phosphate fertilizer inhibited the activity of soil inorganic pyrophosphatase. Severe drought reduced the activities of acid phosphatase, phosphodiesterase and inorganic pyrophosphatase in alfalfa soils. However, the application of phosphate fertilizer increased the soil acidity, Phosphomonoesterase activity. Therefore, the purpose of inhibiting or activating soil phosphatase activity can be achieved by controlling the amount of soil moisture and phosphate fertilizer applied.