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农村宅基地目前存在流转频繁、交易主体与法律规定不统一、宅基地严重闲置等社会问题,其涉及到宅基地的流转与退出机制。近几年的中央文件都趋向于试点推行该项机制。而《物权法》与《土地管理法》则限制宅基地使用权的流转,对退出机制缺乏立法规定,明显落后于时代要求。《民法典总则专家建议稿(征求意见稿)》第60条在宅基地使用权方面,仅界定“户”的范围,存在立法简陋的问题。应完善宅基地流转与退出机制,科学定位宅基地的法律性质,并进一步在民法典总则中进行系统编排,以解决农村宅基地存在的社会问题。
There are some social problems such as the frequent circulation of rural house sites, the unification of the transaction subject and the law and the serious unused house sites, which involve the circulation and withdrawal mechanism of the homestead. Central documents in recent years have tended to pilot the mechanism. The “Property Law” and “Land Management Law” is to restrict the flow of homestead use rights, the lack of legislation on the withdrawal mechanism, significantly behind the requirements of the times. Article 60 of the “Provisions on Civil Code General Provisions for Experts” (Draft for Comment) There is only a simple legislative question on the scope of the right to use house sites, which only defines the scope of “households”. The circulation and withdrawal mechanisms of housing sites should be improved and the legal nature of homesteads should be scientifically located and be systematically orchestrated in the general provisions of the Civil Code in order to solve the social problems existing in homesteads in rural areas.