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灾荒与政治紧密相关。良性政治生态往往会灾而不荒,而恶性政治生态则会天灾人祸、逢灾必荒。民国时期天灾不断,固然有自然的因素,但更多地和民国政局、政观、政策、政力有关。国民政府的武力统一政策挤占了防灾和水利建设经费,破坏了生态环境和社会自救能力。政府尽管具有了初步“为民”的人本理念,但在实践中却又倾向于“防民甚于防灾”的维稳思路。1931年天灾人祸、内忧外患之际,南京国民政府采取了攘外必先安内、救灾不忘内战的政策。尤其是1942年河南大饥荒见诸报端之后,国民政府在救灾和宣传两方面均陷入被动,暴露了其对灾荒与政治合法性关系的误读和应对上的失策。
Famine and politics are closely related. The benign political ecology tends to be disaster-free, while the vicious political ecology brings natural disasters and man-made disasters. Natural disasters continue to occur during the Republic of China, although there are natural factors, but more related to the political situation, political outlook, policies and political power in the Republic of China. The unified policy of armed forces of the Kuomintang Government has taken the funds for disaster prevention and water conservancy construction, undermining the ecological environment and social self-help capabilities. In spite of the humanistic concept of initial “for the people”, the government tends to practice the principle of “preventing people from suffering and preventing disaster” in practice. In 1931, natural disasters and internal and external disturbances, the Nanjing National Government took the policy of “peace and stability” and “relief and forgetting the civil war”. Especially after the great famine in Henan Province was reported in 1942, the National Government was both passive in disaster relief and publicity, revealing its misunderstanding and response to the relationship between famine and political legitimacy.