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近年来,因为一大批活化和抑制性受体在功能和分子水平上得到阐明,使我们对NK细胞尤其是其表面表达的分子有了较为深入的了解。一方面,NK细胞表达HLA-I类分子特异的抑制性受体,由于宿主自身组织细胞表面HLA-I类分子表达正常而使杀伤抑制性受体介导产生的作用占主导地位,因此能使正常细胞免受NK细胞的杀伤;而另一方面,不同的活化受体参与NK细胞介导的细胞毒作用,他们参与人类NK细胞杀伤HLA-I类分子表达减少或缺失的靶细胞。本文主要就NK细胞的活化受体和协同活化受体以及它们的配体作一综述。
In recent years, as a large number of activated and inhibitory receptors have been elucidated both at function and molecular level, we have gained a better understanding of NK cells, especially their surface-expressed molecules. On the one hand, NK cells express HLA-class I-specific inhibitory receptors that predominantly mediate killer-inhibitory receptor-mediated production due to the normal expression of HLA class I molecules on the cell surface of host cells, Normal cells are not killed by NK cells; on the other hand, different activated receptors are involved in NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity and they are involved in the killing of target cells with reduced or absent HLA-class I molecule expression by human NK cells. This review summarizes mainly the activation and costimulation of NK cells and their ligands.