高血压是一种由多病因诱发的疾病。其发病率高,常合并心、脑、肾等严重并发症,已成为威胁人类健康的重要疾病。本病的发病机理,尽管根据基本病因不同而有差异,但肾脏对体液平衡的调节失常是共同机理。导致这种失常的原因包括遗传基因异常、环境因素,以及心血管、肾脏结构改变等三部分。异常基因主要有影响血管活性、肾对水盐调节的一大类血管活性物质,包括血管紧张素原、血管紧张素转换酶、心钠素、血管舒缓素、激肽系统等。另一大类为影响脂质代谢的一组基因,包括胰岛素、载脂蛋白、低或高密度脂 Hypertension is a disease caused by multiple etiologies. Its high incidence, often complicated by heart, brain, kidney and other serious complications, has become an important threat to human health diseases. The pathogenesis of this disease, although based on the underlying causes vary, but the regulation of the body fluid balance disorders of the kidneys is a common mechanism. Causes of such disorders include genetic abnormalities, environmental factors, and cardiovascular, renal structural changes in three parts. Abnormal genes mainly affect vasoactivity, renal water and salt regulation of a large class of vasoactive substances, including angiotensinogen, angiotensin converting enzyme, atrial natriuretic peptide, kallikrein, kinin system. Another broad category is a group of genes that affect lipid metabolism, including insulin, apolipoproteins, low or high-density lipids