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运用地统计和GIS技术,研究陕西省陇县耕地土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾的空间分布特征,探讨地形因子对养分空间分布的影响。结果表明:耕地土壤有机质、有效磷和碱解氮含量均处于中等偏下水平,速效钾含量位于较高水平。有机质平均含量为11.98g/kg,碱解氮平均含量为67.68mg/kg,有效磷含量变幅较大,平均含量10.26mg/kg,速效钾含量较高,平均为157.95mg/kg。土壤养分含量和地形变量之间存在着显著的相关关系。其中,海拔与速效钾、有机质之间存在显著正相关,与有效磷、碱解氮呈负相关,但相关关系不明显;坡度与有机质、速效钾呈正相关,与有效磷、碱解氮显著负相关;有机质、有效磷、碱解氮阴坡含量高于阳坡含量,速效钾阳坡含量高于阴坡。
Using geostatistics and GIS techniques, the spatial distribution characteristics of soil organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in cultivated soils of Long County, Shaanxi Province were studied. The effects of topographical factors on the spatial distribution of nutrients were also discussed. The results showed that the contents of soil organic matter, available phosphorus and available nitrogen in cultivated land were all lower than middle level, and the content of available potassium was at a higher level. The average content of organic matter was 11.98g / kg and the average content of available nitrogen was 67.68mg / kg. The content of available phosphorus varied greatly with the average content of 10.26mg / kg and the content of available potassium was higher, with an average of 157.95mg / kg. There is a significant correlation between soil nutrient content and topographic variables. Among them, there was a significant positive correlation between altitude and available potassium and organic matter, but negatively correlated with available phosphorus and alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, but the correlation was not obvious. The slope was positively correlated with organic matter and available potassium, and significant negative correlation with available phosphorus and available nitrogen The contents of organic matter, available phosphorus and alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen in shady slope were higher than those in sunny slope, and the content of available potassium in sunny slope was higher than that in shady slope.