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监护人是否对被监护的未成年人堕胎享有知情同意权在美国一直存有争议。美国蒙大拿州有一项法案规定实施堕胎前未成年人父母或监护人享有知情权,联邦地区法院及巡回法院均认定该法案违宪并禁止实施,直至美国最高法院推翻此判决,才最终确立未成年的监护人或父母对未成年人堕胎享有知情同意权受法律保护。本文通过对美国兰伯特诉维克兰德案进行分析,从未成年人的医疗知情同意能力,监护人监护权和未成年人隐私权的冲突及告知义务的豁免等重要方面进行阐述,提出解决建议。
Whether the guardian has the right of informed consent for the abortion of a minors under guard has been controversial in the United States. A law in Montana, USA, provides for the right of parents or guardians of minors to abstain from being informed. Federal District Courts and Circuit Court both found the bill unconstitutional and prohibited it from being enforced until the Supreme Court of the United States overturned the verdict, ultimately establishing a minor The guardian or parent is entitled to legal protection for the abortion of minors by the law. This article analyzes the case of Lambert v. Wakeland in the United States, elaborates and proposes solutions to the important aspects such as the medical informed consent ability of minors, the conflict of guardianship of guardians and the privacy of minors, and the exemption of disclosure obligations. Suggest.