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本文在对文冠果花芽分化和成花过程进行外部形态及细胞学观察的基础上,对其花性别分化即孕花与不孕花的发育情况进行了比较.实验表明:在蕾前期两种花在形态及解剖构造上未见差异,但在单核小孢子进行第一次有丝分裂后,差异日趋明显.孕花中雌蕊发育正常,雄蕊发育缓慢,花丝短,绒毡层消失比较晚,花药不开裂,花粉无萌发力,形成败育的雄蕊.而不孕花雄蕊发育正常,子房却在单核期停止发育,迅速退化.影响文冠果花性别分化的主要因素是与树体的营养状况密切相关.孕花中败育的花药较早就出现淀粉粒贮藏不足,这可能与子房和雄蕊对营养物质的竞争有关,小孢子因得不到足够的营养物质而败育.
Based on the morphological and cytological observations of flower bud differentiation and flowering process, this paper compared the development of flower-sex differentiation, ie, pregnancy and non-pregnant flower development.The results showed that: There was no difference in morphology and anatomy, but the differences were obvious after the first mitosis of mononuclear microspores.The pistil development was normal during pregnancy, stamen development was slow, filaments were short, tapetum disappeared relatively late, anthers not Cracking, no pollen germination, the formation of abortion stamen.The sterile stamen development is normal, but in the mononuclear stage of the ovary to stop the development, the rapid degradation of the main effects of sex differentiation of the fruit of the tree is the role of tree nutrition Closely related to the situation.Pregnant anthers earlier appeared anther storage of starch grains, which may be related to competition of ovarian and stamen nutrients, microspores are not enough nutrients to abortion.