在有机化学中，一些按酸化合物，当其分子链上的取代基种类或位置不同时，都会引起其酸性强度改变。在数学、科研中常常遇到这类问题。本文从电性效应（诱导及共轭）、立体效应和场效应几方面来讨论取代基对羧酸酸性影响的规律。一、诱导效应（inductiveeffect）的影响在饱和一 In organic chemistry, some acid-based compounds cause changes in their acid strength when the types or positions of substituents on their molecular chains are different. In mathematics, scientific research often encounter such problems. This article discusses the effects of substituents on the acidity of carboxylic acids from the aspects of electrical effects (induction and conjugation), steric effects and field effects. First, the inductive effect (inductiveeffect) effects in saturation