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近15年来,低体重儿,特别是体重低于1,500g婴儿的存活率明显提高,存活婴儿的远期预后也有所改善。目前已经公认早期喂养可提高存活率,供给足够的营养也是至关重要的。动物实验发现,若生长迅速的新生期幼鼠营养不良,可导致永久性的脑和体重发育不良。在人类大脑发育的最关键时刻,即妊娠末3个月至生后头6个月,营养缺乏也会影响智力发育,而且热卡、蛋白质不足也能引起明显的免疫功能障碍。但是营养不平衡,如蛋白质摄入过多,同样能引起不良后果。低体重儿的营养需要是一个长期存在争论和仍在探索中的问题,本文仅就近年来国外部分有关文献作一综述。
In the past 15 years, the survival rate of low birth weight children, especially those weighing less than 1,500 g, has obviously increased, and the long-term prognosis of surviving infants has also been improved. It is now recognized that early feeding can increase survival and provide adequate nutrition is also crucial. Animal experiments found that if the fast-growing newborn pups malnutrition, can lead to permanent brain and weight dysplasia. At the most critical moment in human brain development, from the third trimester of pregnancy to the first six months of life, nutritional deficits also affect mental development, and heat cards and inadequate protein can cause significant immune dysfunction. However, nutritional imbalances, such as excessive protein intake, can also cause adverse consequences. The nutritional needs of low birth weight children is a long-standing controversy and still under investigation, this article reviews only some of the foreign literature in recent years.