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中性粒细胞在非特异性免疫防御系统中起重要作用。Brinkmann等首次发现中性粒细胞可以形成一种捕获并杀灭病原体的特殊网状结构，将其命名为中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网(neutrophil extracellular traps，NETs)。后续研究表明，NETs的生成和降解会影响感染性疾病的病理过程。因此，揭示NETs的产生机制及其对病原体的影响为深入理解感染性疾病发生发展的免疫机制提供重要理论依据，并为疾病的干预提供新策略。现拟对NETs的构成、产生机制及其在感染性疾病中的病理生理作用等作一综述。“,”Neutrophils play an important role in nonspecific immune defense system.Brinkmann et al.first found that neutrophils can form a special network structure to capture and kill pathogens, and named it as neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Numerous studies have shown that NETs act like one kind of pathogen defenders, as their production and degradation can affect the pathophysiological process of infectious diseases.Therefore, revealing the mechanism of NETs production and its influence on pathogens maybe provide an important theoretical basis for understanding the immune mechanism of infectious diseases and provide new strategies for disease intervention.In this paper, the constitution, mechanism of NETs and its pathophysiological role in infectious diseases are reviewed.