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Objective:To evaluate the effect of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) on inflammatory factors.Methods:Using the combination of subject terms and free words to search the literature on the effect of children with MPP on inflammatory factors.Retrieved from CNKI, VIP,CBM, Wanfang Database, Pubmed Database, Sciencedirect Database and Google scholor. etc.Time period of retrieval was from database established to May. 2019. 2 researchers conducted literature screening independently according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. and then processed quality evaluation.RevMan5.3 and stata 14.0 were adopted to conduct Meta analysis on all effective indicators. Results:A total of 23 studies were involved, including 2254 children with MPP and 1182 healthy children. Results of Meta analysis showed IL-6 level(SMD=17.74, 95％ CI =15.38～20.09,P<0.0001)、IL-8 level (SMD=19.40,95％ CI=18.12～20.69,P<0.0001)、IL-10 level (SMD=9.51,95％ CI =8.25～10.97,P<0.0001)、TNF-a level (SMD=31.06,95％ CI =24.57～37.54,P<0.0001) were significantly better than the control group, the difference were statistically significant. Subgroup analysis:SMPP compared with MPP, IL-6 level (SMD=12.02, 95％ CI =7.08～16.96,P<0.0001)was significantly better than the control group, the difference were statistically significant; Compared with the recovery period, the acute phase of children with MPP, IL-6 level (SMD=20.53, 95％ CI =17.51～23.56,P<0.0001)、IL-8 level (SMD=17.27,95％ CI=10.14～24.40,P<0.0001)、IL-10 level (SMD=6.04,95％ CI =1.72～10.36,P<0.0001)、TNF-a level (SMD=23.64,95％ CI =17.60～29.69,P<0.0001) were significantly better than the control group, the difference was statistically significant. Conclusions:MPP caused elevated levels of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-a inflammatory factors in the serum of children, and the levels of inflammatory factors were directly proportional to the severity of the disease.