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中草药尤其常用中药,糖的含量是相当高的。它是中草药常见的一类化学成分。但游离的糖(包括单糖、寡糖及多糖)多数是没有生物活性的,因此在分离提取过程中常作为杂质除去。然而糖的易溶于水不易溶于有机溶剂的性质,恰好与中草药中的一些亲水性活性成分溶解性能极其相似,因此,如采用一般的溶剂方法进行分离,往往不易获得成功。曾有人报道用活性炭可以对糖类化合物进行吸附而分离,但与此同时有不少的水溶性活性成分也被吸附在活性炭上,且不易洗脱。因此如何将糖去除,而同时又将水溶性活性成分分离提纯是一个难题。在实际工作中,我们摸索了一些方法,现仅以葛根为例来阐述几种去糖的方法。
Chinese herbal medicine is used in traditional Chinese medicine, and the sugar content is quite high. It is a common chemical ingredient in Chinese herbal medicine. However, most of the free sugars (including monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides) are not biologically active and are therefore often removed as impurities during the separation and extraction process. However, the solubility of sugar in water, which is not easily soluble in organic solvents, is very similar to that of some hydrophilic active ingredients in Chinese herbal medicines. Therefore, separation by ordinary solvent methods is not always successful. It has been reported that the use of activated carbon can separate and separate sugar compounds, but at the same time, many water-soluble active ingredients are also adsorbed on activated carbon and are not easily eluted. Therefore, how to remove sugars while simultaneously separating and purifying water-soluble active ingredients is a problem. In the actual work, we have explored some methods. Now we only use Pueraria as an example to illustrate several ways to remove sugar.