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以水为溶剂, 采用“水悬浮法”对多壁碳纳米管 (MWCNTs) 进行重氮化改性, 然后将改性碳纳米管分散在环氧树脂中制备MWCNTs/环氧纳米复合材料.通过傅里叶变换红外光谱 (FT-IR) 、X射线光电子能谱 (XPS) 、热重分析法 (TG) 、沉降性实验和扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 等多种手段对改性多壁碳纳米管的结构和纳米复合材料的断面形貌进行表征.研究结果表明:通过重氮化反应在MWCNTs表面成功接枝上了苯甲酸基团, 接枝率约为12％.改性MWCNTs在环氧树脂中具有良好的分散性, 对环氧树脂具有较好的増韧效果.当改性MWCNTs的添加质量分数为0.3％时, 纳米复合材料的拉伸强度和冲击强度最佳, 与未改性MWCNTs/环氧树脂复合材料相比分别提高14.8％和462.33％.“,”The multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were surface-modified by diazo-reaction using water as the solvent (“ on water ” method). Then the modified carbon nanotubes were dispersed in epoxy resin to prepare MWCNTs/epoxy nanocomposites. The structure of modified MWCNTs and impact section of MWCNTs/epoxy nanocomposites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), sedimentation experiments and SEM. The results showed that benzoic acid groups were successfully grafted onto the surface of MWCNTs with a graft yield of 12 ％. The modified MWCNTs had good dispersibility in epoxy resin and good toughness effect with an addition of 0. 3 wt ％ MWCNTs, the tensile strength and impact strength of the MWCNTs/epoxy nanocomposites were the best, which were increased by 14. 8 ％ and 462. 3 ％ respectively compared with those of pure epoxy resins.