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利用统计和调查资料数据,从省和县(市、区)层面,分析湖南省肥料资源和施用现状,揭示湖南农业可持续发展中在肥料方面存在的问题。研究表明,全省有机肥资源总量5602.26万t,生产化肥186.6万t;全省化肥施用总量249.1万t,比30年前增加157.79万t,增长1.73倍;化肥施用结构(N∶P2O5∶K2O)由2004年的1∶0.33∶0.41转变为1∶0.37∶0.48。基于湖南省肥料施用现状,阐明了化肥利用率长期低位徘徊、地区之间施肥水平差异大、肥料产业整体落后、施肥失衡危害严重和肥料市场混乱,管理难以到位等5大问题。针对这些问题,提出优化肥料产业、出台鼓励政策、改进施肥技术和坚持创新发展等4大对策建议,以期为提高区域肥料利用率,促进区域肥料产业健康发展和区域农业可持续发展提供参考。
Using statistics and survey data to analyze the status of fertilizer resources and application in Hunan Province from the provincial and county (city, district) level, revealing the problems in the aspect of fertilizer in the sustainable development of agriculture in Hunan Province. The research shows that the total amount of organic fertilizer resources in the province is 56,022,600 tons and the production of fertilizers is 1,866,000 tons. The total amount of chemical fertilizer in the province is 2,491,000 tons, an increase of 1,577,900 tons or 1.73 times compared with 30 years ago. The chemical fertilizer application structure (N: P2O5 : K2O) changed from 1:0.33:0.41 in 2004 to 1:0.37:0.48. Based on the present situation of fertilizer application in Hunan Province, five major problems, such as long-term low fertilizer utilization rate, large differences in fertilization levels among different regions, a backward fertilizer industry, serious harm to fertilizer imbalances, confusion in the fertilizer market and difficulties in management, have been clarified. In response to these problems, four suggestions are put forward, such as optimizing fertilizers industry, introducing encouraging policies, improving fertilizing technologies and adhering to innovation and development, so as to provide reference for improving the utilization rate of regional fertilizers, promoting the healthy development of regional fertilizer industry and sustainable development of regional agriculture.