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目的了解上海市浦东新区流行性感冒(流感)的病原学特征及流行规律,比较儿童和成人的亚型特点。方法对2012—2014年流感病原学监测结果进行分析。结果 2012—2014年流感病毒总体阳性率为19.11%,监测峰值是每年的冬春季和夏季,检测到的流感病毒以季节性A(H3N2)型为主,占62.78%,各年龄组流感病毒阳性率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),40岁以上年龄组阳性率最高。儿童和成人的流感病毒阳性率分别为13.50%和25.19%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。成人与儿童流感病毒亚型构成不同,而季节性流行规律是一致的。2012年冬春季优势株是B(Victoria)型,夏季是季节性A(H3N2)型。2013年流感病毒阳性率高峰不明显,优势株是季节性A(H3N2)型。2014年春季是B(Yamagata)型、季节性A(H3N2)型、新甲H1N1型交替流行,夏季优势株是季节性A(H3N2)型。结论上海市浦东新区2012年和2014年流感的流行强度较高,2013年流行强度有所下降,3年中检测出的流感病毒以季节性A(H3N2)型为主,冬春季和夏季阳性率较高。成人流感病毒阳性率高于儿童,成人流感病毒亚型季节性流行规律与儿童一致。
Objective To understand the etiology and prevalence of influenza in the Pudong New Area in Shanghai and to compare the subtypes of children and adults. Methods The results of influenza etiology monitoring from 2012 to 2014 were analyzed. Results The overall positive rate of influenza virus was 19.11% between 2012 and 2014. The monitoring peak was annual winter, spring and summer. Influenza virus was detected predominantly in seasonal A (H3N2) type, accounting for 62.78% of all cases. Influenza virus was positive in all age groups The difference was statistically significant (P <0.05), the highest positive rate in the age group over 40 years old. The positive rates of influenza virus in children and adults were 13.50% and 25.19%, respectively, with significant difference (P <0.01). The subtypes of influenza virus are different in adults and children, while the laws of seasonal epidemics are consistent. The predominant strains in winter and spring in 2012 were type B (Victoria) and in summer were seasonal type A (H3N2). The peak of positive rate of influenza virus in 2013 was not obvious, and the dominant strain was seasonal A (H3N2) type. In the spring of 2014, B (Yamagata) type, seasonal A (H3N2) type and the new H1N1 type were prevailing. The dominant species in summer 2014 was seasonal A (H3N2) type. Conclusion The epidemic intensity of influenza in Pudong New Area in Shanghai was higher in 2012 and 2014, and the epidemic intensity decreased in 2013. Influenza virus detected in three years was mainly seasonal A (H3N2) type. The positive rate of influenza virus in winter and spring and summer Higher. The positive rate of adult influenza virus is higher than that of children, and the seasonal epidemic pattern of adult influenza virus subtype is consistent with that of children.