龋病是发生于牙体硬组织的慢性感染性疾病，具有发病率高、治疗率低等特点，严重危害口腔和全身健康。加强和完善龋病的规范化治疗是全人群、全生命周期龋病管理面临的关键问题。因此，在龋病诊断和分类的基础上，建立龋病防治临床难度评估系统，主要包括龋病风险评估和龋病治疗难度评估，可为龋病管理提供有效的依据。本文围绕龋病防治难度评估系统，从龋病的诊断和分类、龋病风险评估和龋病治疗难度评估等龋病防治临床管理的重要组成部分进行归纳与阐述。“,”Dental caries is a common chronic oral disease of tooth with multiple factor involvement. It has the characteristics of high incidence, low rate of treatment and high rate of retreatment. How to further improve the standardized treatment and management of dental caries has become a clinical problem. Hence, clinical difficulty assessment system of caries prevention and management is established on the base of caries diagnosis and classification. This system mainly includes caries risk assessment and caries treatment evaluation and can provide effective basis for caries management. This review article discusses caries diagnosis and classification, caries risk assessment and caries treatment difficulty assessment, which are the most important parts of caries management in the whole life cycle.