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目的通过调查水泥制造企业,了解当前我国水泥制造企业的粉尘危害状况,为水泥制造企业粉尘危害防治提供依据。方法抽取我国35家水泥制造企业进行现场调查,并对企业水泥装袋和人工装车两个主要接触粉尘岗位的粉尘浓度及游离二氧化硅含量进行检测。结果被调查的35家水泥制造企业中,除1个装车作业点的总粉尘浓度符合国家职业卫生标准外,其余各作业点粉尘浓度均超过国家职业卫生标准,其中总粉尘浓度在3.17~485.33 mg/m3之间,最高超标121.33倍,呼吸性粉尘浓度在1.70~119.86 mg/m3之间,最高超标79.91倍。游离二氧化硅含量在1.58%~9.16%之间。结论我国水泥制造企业职业卫生工作基础薄弱,装袋和装车岗位粉尘浓度超标严重,对其监管还需要进一步加强。
Objective To investigate the status of dust hazards of cement manufacturing enterprises in China through investigation of cement manufacturing enterprises and provide basis for prevention and control of dust hazards of cement manufacturing enterprises. Methods Totally 35 cement manufacturing enterprises in our country were investigated on site, and the dust concentration and free silica content of two main dust contact positions of cement bagging and manual loading of enterprises were tested. Results Among the 35 cement manufacturers surveyed, the dust concentrations of all the other operation sites exceeded the national occupational health standards except for the total dust concentration of one loading operation point in line with the national occupational health standards. The total dust concentration ranged from 3.17 to 485.33 mg / m3, the highest exceeding the standard 121.33 times, respirable dust concentration between 1.70 ~ 119.86 mg / m3, the highest exceed the standard 79.91 times. Free silica content between 1.58% ~ 9.16%. Conclusion The foundation of occupational health work in cement manufacturing enterprises in our country is weak, and the concentration of dust in bagging and loading posts exceeds the standard seriously, and its regulation needs to be further strengthened.