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对潇湘平湖菜市、曲河、宋家州3湖段水质及其对鱼类毒性影响进行了调查研究:⑴潇湘平湖水质已受石油烃类、挥发酚类、重金属铜和氨氮为主的污染源的污染,尤其是氨氮污染严重,污染程度宋家州>曲河>菜市。污染物中的石油烃类、挥发酚类、重金属Pb、Cu和As在鲤、鳊、鳜、黄颡鱼、草鱼和翘嘴鲌体内有一定蓄积,超过参考值8.03、1.66、1.30、1.71、1.24倍;肉食性鱼类较草食性鱼类高,石油烃类含量肉食性鱼显著高于草食性鱼(P<0.05)。⑵经t检验,试验组鱼类染色体微核率与对照组比较,差异显著(P<0.05)。⑶3湖段共有浮游植物6门43属85种,其中污染指示属18属,耐污染的普通等片藻、小异端藻等16个属出现频率较高;浮游动物3门8属14种,底栖动物3门3属3种,其中污染指示生物颤蚓1458.67条/m2。污染指示属宋家州>曲河>菜市,宋家州显著高于菜市(P<0.05),多样性指数的计算值表明:从菜市至宋家州湖段的依次为2.35、2.13、1.67,表明宋家州段的水质受到中度污染;菜市、曲河段水质已轻度污染。
The water quality of Xiaoxiang Pinghu food market, Qu River and Songjiazhou 3 lakes and its impact on fish toxicity were investigated: (1) The water quality of Xiaoxiang Pinghu Lake was polluted by pollution sources such as petroleum hydrocarbons, volatile phenols, heavy metal copper and ammonia nitrogen, In particular, ammonia nitrogen pollution is serious, the degree of pollution Songjiaju> Qu River> Caishu. Pollutants in petroleum hydrocarbons, volatile phenols, heavy metals Pb, Cu and As in the common carp, 鳊, 鳜, yellow catfish, grass carp and Cichlafish 鲌 some body accumulation, exceeding the reference value of 8.03,1.66,1.30,1.71, 1.24 times higher than the carnivorous fish; carnivorous fish was higher than the herbivorous fish, petroleum hydrocarbon content of carnivorous fish was significantly higher than that of herbivorous fish (P <0.05). (2) The t test showed that there was significant difference (P <0.05) between the micronucleus rate of fish in the experimental group and the control group. (3) There are 85 phytoplankton species belonging to 43 genera and 6 phytoplanktons in Section 3, of which 18 genera belong to the genus of pollution, and 16 genera such as Isochrysis, There are 3 species of 3 genera and 3 species of amphibians, of which 1458.67 / m2 are biological indicators. The pollution indicators belong to Songjia> Quhe> Caihe and Songjia prefectures (P <0.05), and the calculated values of diversity index show that the order from the vegetable market to the Songjiazhou lakes is 2.35, 2.13 and 1.67, indicating that the water quality of Songjiazhou section was affected Moderate pollution; vegetables, Qu River water quality has been slightly polluted.