能稳定获得超额利润的方式只有一个,那就是一定程度的垄断,西方经济学叫做“市场势力”。但获得一定程度垄断地位的方式就不那么单一了,主要有三种:一是以创新形成技术独占型垄断;二是依托国家有关机构手段形成行政垄断;三是通过品牌建设形成非行政性市场准入门槛。 There is only one way to obtain excess profits steadily, that is, a certain degree of monopoly. Western economics is called “market power.” However, the way to obtain a certain degree of monopoly status is not so simple. There are mainly three types: one is to form an exclusive monopolistic technology by innovation; the other is to form an administrative monopoly by means of relevant state agencies; and the other is to form a non-administrative market through brand building Entry threshold.