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本文评价了我国放射性同位素生产和应用的辐射剂量现状。在正常情况下，放射性同位素生产人员所受职业性照射年均剂量约在年剂量限值的１／１０左右，应用人员低于１／２０；但由于应用人数较多，其年集体剂量比生产人员高一个数量级。与七十年代相比，八十年代放射性同位素生产量成倍增加，但年集体剂量增加不明显。对居民产生的照射，以￣（１３１）Ｉ为例，其集体剂量下降了１～２个数量级。排放因子下降了２个数量级。值得注意的是，在同位素应用中，其中特别是辐照装置，发生的事件和事故较多，以装置年为单位，发生致死性事故的几率高达１０￣（－３）／装置·年。为了改善辐射安全状况，必须加强辐射装置的安全评价，加强废物和废源的管理，建立经验反馈体系。
This article assesses the status of radiation dose in the production and application of radioisotopes in our country. Under normal circumstances, the annual average dose of occupational exposure to radioisotope production personnel is about 1/10 of the annual dose limit and the applied personnel is less than 1/20. However, due to the large number of applications, Staff is an order of magnitude higher. Compared with the seventies, radioactive isotope production in the eighties multiplied, but the annual increase in the collective dose is not obvious. The radiation exposure to residents, taking ~ (131) I as an example, the collective dose has been reduced by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude. The emission factor dropped by two orders of magnitude. It is worth noting that in isotope applications, especially in irradiation devices, there are many incidents and accidents that occur. The annual incidence of fatal accidents is as high as 10 -3 / plant / year. In order to improve the radiation safety status, we must strengthen the safety evaluation of radiation equipment, strengthen the management of waste and waste sources, and establish an experience feedback system.