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战后西方历史学经历了两次重大变化。第一次是60—70年代研究重心由宪政史向社会史的转变。这在很大程度上是战后整整一代学者的左翼激进倾向的结果。他们厌倦了帝王将相的年表家谱,觉得传统的政治史写作不能反映历史的全貌,尤其是不能反映“不会说话的”下层人民,特别是妇女的真实状况,因此历史应该整个地重写。这一代史学家崇尚以“科学的”态度来对待历史,对他们影响最大的是两个学派;年鉴学派
Western history has undergone two major changes after the war. The first is the shift from constitutional history to social history in the 1960s and 1970s. This is largely the result of a radical left-wing propensity of a whole generation of post-war scholars. They are fed up with the chronological genealogy of the emperor. They think that traditional political history writing can not reflect the whole picture of history. In particular, it can not reflect the true state of the “non-speaking” people at lower levels, especially women. Therefore, history should be entirely rewritten . This generation of historians advocates that history should be treated in a “scientific” attitude, and that the two schools of influence have the greatest influence on them. The Yearbook School