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目的:探讨初次妊娠孕妇心理咨询需求情况以及咨询方法。方法:选择初次妊娠孕妇510例,随机分为两组各255例,使其有可比性。通过SCL-90量表对所有孕妇心理状况进行调查和评价,使用自行设计的犀利压力来源调查表对孕妇较为担心的问题进行了解。对观察组孕妇进行心理咨询,对照组孕妇不进行心理咨询。统计两组孕妇妊娠结局。结果:(20~24)岁以及(30~34)岁孕妇、学历大专及以上孕妇以及无业或下岗孕妇SCL-90量表显示心理健康异常者明显多于其他年龄、学历以及职业孕妇,比较差异明显,有统计学意义。导致孕妇孕期心理压力的原因以担心胎儿能否安全分娩、害怕疼痛、担心胎儿异常排前3位,分别有89.02%、77.65%和61.18%的孕妇表示对此存在担心。经过心理咨询,观察组孕妇妊娠并发症、非病理性剖宫产、产后初学、新生儿出生体重异常以及新生儿窒息发生率均明显低于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义。结论:通过有效的一对一心理咨询可以有效的改善孕妇的妊娠结局,建议初次妊娠孕妇中年龄较小和较大者、学历较高者以及无业和下岗人员这些容易异常心理状况者接受心理咨询。
Objective: To explore the psychological needs of first-time pregnant women and counseling methods. Methods: 510 pregnant women of the first pregnancy were selected and randomly divided into two groups of 255 cases, making it comparable. Through the SCL-90 scale to investigate and evaluate the psychological status of all pregnant women, using self-designed sharp source of stress questionnaire to understand the pregnant women are more worried about the problem. The observation group of pregnant women psychological counseling, pregnant women in the control group did not conduct psychological counseling. Pregnancy outcome of two groups of pregnant women statistics. Results: The SCL-90 scores of pregnant women aged 20-24 and those aged 30-34 years, pregnant women with diploma and above and unemployed or laid-off pregnant women showed significantly more mental health than those of other age, education and occupational pregnant women Obviously, statistically significant. Pregnant women lead to psychological stress during pregnancy to worry about the safety of childbirth, fear of pain, worry about the top three fetal abnormalities, respectively, 89.02%, 77.65% and 61.18% of pregnant women, said there is concern. After psychological counseling, observation group pregnant women pregnant complications, non-pathological cesarean section, postpartum newborn, birth weight abnormalities and neonatal asphyxia were significantly lower than the control group, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant. Conclusion: Effective one-on-one psychological counseling can effectively improve pregnant women’s pregnancy outcomes. It is suggested that young pregnant women with first trimester pregnancy who are younger and older, those with higher education, and those who are unemployed or laid-off workers are likely to receive psychological counseling .