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为了解不同品种新型氮肥相对常规施肥其氨(NH3)和氧化亚氮(N_2O)的减排效果,本文通过田间原位试验同步研究了夏玉米生长季氮肥施用后的农田NH_3挥发和N_2O排放及其主要驱动因子.以常规施肥(复合肥+尿素,CK)为对照,设置了5个肥料处理,分别为脲铵氮肥(UA)、稳定性复合肥料(UHD)、硫包衣氮肥(SCU)、脲甲醛复合肥(UF)和有机肥(OF),施氮量(以N计)均为300 kg·hm~(-2).相关分析结果表明,氨挥发和N_2O排放受环境因子影响,均与土壤WFPS呈显著负相关(P<0.05),N_2O排放还与土壤硝态氮呈极显著正相关(P<0.01).进一步回归分析表明,N_2O排放(F_(N_2O))主要取决于土壤硝态氮(x)含量的变化,而氨挥发(F_(NH_3))主要取决于土壤铵态氮(x)含量的变化.与CK相比,除了UA,其它肥料处理都降低了土壤的氨挥发,尤其是UF和OF处理减少了37%~43%.但对于N_2O排放,所有处理与CK皆无显著差异.进一步计算每种处理氨挥发和N_2O的气态氮损失总量,与CK相比,UHD、SCU、UF和OF分别减排了9%、5%、30%和23%,而UA增加了3%.
In order to understand the effect of ammonia nitrogen (NH3) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emission reduction of different types of new nitrogen fertilizers, the field experiments were conducted to study the NH3 volatilization and N2O emission of summer maize after nitrogen application. The main driving factors were five fertilizers including urea nitrogen fertilizer (UA), stabilized compound fertilizer (UHD), sulfur-coated nitrogen fertilizer (SCU) , Urea formaldehyde compound fertilizer (OFF) and organic fertilizer (OF), and nitrogen application rate (N) were all 300 kg · hm -2 .The correlation analysis showed that ammonia volatilization and N 2 O emission were affected by environmental factors, (P <0.05). N 2 O emission was positively correlated with nitrate content in soil (P <0.01). Further regression analysis showed that N 2 O emission (F 2 N 2 O) mainly depends on soil (F_ (NH_3)) mainly depend on the content of soil ammonium nitrogen (x) .Compared with CK, other fertilizers except for UA reduced soil ammonia Volatilization, especially UF and OF, decreased by 37% -43%, but there was no significant difference between all treatments and CK for N 2 O. Further calculations were made for each treatment And the total amount of gaseous nitrogen volatilization loss N_2O compared to CK, UHD, SCU, UF and OF 9% reduction, respectively, 5%, 30% and 23%, and 3% increase in UA.