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目的:观测乙状结肠的解剖学结构,为乙状结肠临床应用提供形态学依据。方法:解剖54例经福尔马林固定尸体标本,观察乙状结肠的外形、走行、位置、系膜及血供,对结果进行相关分析。结果:乙状结肠形态位置可分8种类型。乙状结肠长度为(35.54±12.14)cm;乙状结肠管径:起端管径为(3.38±1.26)cm(1.71～8.29 cm),中段管径为(3.83±1.36)cm,末段管径为(3.24±1.16)cm。左右凸出度(与正中矢状面距离):凸向右侧共47例,占87.03%,凸出度均值3.62 cm;凸向左侧6例,占11.11%,凸出度均值1.92 cm;位于正中1例,占1.85%。向前凸出度(与耻骨联合中点距离)8.10 cm。乙状结肠系膜最大长度(6.50±2.12)cm。系膜内动脉血管分支:均起自肠系膜下动脉,主干有2～4支不等。结论:乙状结肠长度、管径、系膜长度差异较大,整体外形、走行、空间位置存在多种类型,系膜内血管分支数目与分布不恒定。
Objective: To observe the anatomical structure of the sigmoid colon and provide morphological evidence for the clinical application of the sigmoid colon. Methods: 54 formalin-fixed cadaver specimens were dissected to observe the shape, course, position, mesangium and blood supply of sigmoid colon, and to analyze the results. Results: The sigmoid colon morphology can be divided into 8 types. The length of the sigmoid colon was (35.54 ± 12.14) cm. The sigmoid colon diameter was 3.38 ± 1.26 cm (1.71 to 8.29 cm) at the beginning, 3.83 ± 1.36 cm at the middle, and 3.24 ± 1.16) cm. Left and right bulge (with the median sagittal plane): convex to the right side of a total of 47 cases, accounting for 87.03%, convex average 3.62 cm; convex to the left in 6 cases, accounting for 11.11%, average convexity 1.92 cm; In the middle of 1 cases, accounting for 1.85%. Projection forward (distance from the pubic symphysis midpoint) 8.10 cm. The maximum length of sigmoid mesangium (6.50 ± 2.12) cm. Mesangial artery branches: all from the inferior mesenteric artery, the backbone of 2 to 4 ranging. CONCLUSIONS: The length, diameter and mesangial length of sigmoid colon are quite different. There are many types of overall shape, travel and spatial location. The number and distribution of vascular branches in mesangium are not constant.