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在大多数火灾调查中 ,火灾损失模式可提供有关起火点和火灾起因的重要线索。历史上 ,许多火灾调查依赖直觉去解释火灾模式 ,其结果往往与科学原理不一致。NFPA 92 1Guide for Fire and Explosion Investi-gations(火灾与爆炸调查指南 )提倡适于法庭调查的科学方法 ,包括许多火灾模式的提要以及以科学科目 (例如火灾动力学、热传递和材料科学 )为基础的说明。然而 NFDA92 1没有涉及到首先被引燃的装璜家具的火灾模式。在本试验中 ,进行了一个测试程序 ,目的就是确定由阴燃与有焰点火源所引起的装璜家具火灾模式的特性和程度。阴燃火灾模式往往会有一些老化部位 ,其厚度与释热元件相当。相反 ,有焰火灾模式的炭化部位其厚度比释热元件要薄得多。由阴燃到火焰转变之后 ,由阴燃而建立的火灾模型迅速被火焰所破坏 ,并被有焰火灾模式取代。在十件试验的九件中 ,装璜家具物品中的起火点与烧损 (因释热元件消耗而引起的一种穿透 )位置是一致的。但是 ,由于异常的结构特性而引起的不平衡的火焰蔓延 ,可能导致另一些部位烧损。在由阴燃到有焰燃烧特性转变的六个试验中 ,都观察到烧损。仅仅在引燃时序的最初阶段会保持引燃火源 (阴燃或有焰燃烧 )的物质证据。为了确定起火原因 ,于是调查人员可能不仅需要考虑火灾模
In most fire investigations, fire loss patterns provide important clues as to the origin of the fire and the causes of the fire. Historically, many fire investigations have relied on intuition to explain fire patterns, often with inconsistent scientific principles. NFPA 92 1Guide for Fire and Explosion Investi- gations Advocate scientific methods suitable for forensic investigations, including summaries of many fire modes and based on scientific subjects such as fire dynamics, heat transfer and materials science instruction of. However NFDA92 1 did not refer to the fire pattern of furniture that was first ignited. In this test, a test procedure was conducted to determine the characteristics and extent of furniture fire patterns caused by smoldering and flaming ignition sources. Smoldering fire patterns tend to have some aging sites, the thickness of which is comparable to that of heat-releasing elements. In contrast, the thickness of the carbonized part of the flame fire pattern is much thinner than that of the heat-releasing element. After the smoldering to flame transition, the smoldering fire model was quickly destroyed by the flame and replaced by the flames fire pattern. Among the ten trials of nine, the ignition points in furniture items for decoration were consistent with the burnout (a penetration caused by the consumption of the heat-generating element). However, unbalanced flame spread due to abnormal structural characteristics may cause burning of other parts. Burning was observed in all six tests from smoldering to flaming combustion characteristics. Only material evidence of a source of ignition (smoldering or flaming) remains in the early stages of ignition sequence. In order to determine the cause of the fire, investigators may not only need to consider the fire mode