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欧美等国在燃料棒制造中大都采用TIG法,而我国则采用了电子束焊接方法。电子束焊是一种在高真空中进行的机械熔化焊方法,特别适用于燃料棒的焊接。目前生产中使用了两种专用真空电子束焊机。ES1-2型焊机,它采用自动焊接夹具,在真空中完成上料—焊接—冷却—下料,每次100根。HD-60型焊机,它仅将焊接处局部密封在真空室中,该机的动作和参数均由计算机控制。燃料棒电子束焊接中出现的成形差是由电子束焦点畸变,飞溅,灯丝老化等造成,采用对中电子枪,电子束扫描,选择合理规范来解决;未焊透是由焦点功率密度变化所致,采用调整焦点大小及位置,或改进接头结构,提高加速电压来消除;气孔产生的原因较特殊,可能是飞溅,表面清洁度,配合间隙中残留气体等引起,一般采用严格清洗工件,电子束扫描或改进端塞结构等措施来避免。
Most countries in Europe and the United States use the TIG method in manufacturing fuel rods, while in China, the electron beam welding method is used. Electron beam welding is a mechanical fusion welding process carried out in high vacuum and is particularly suitable for welding fuel rods. Currently used in the production of two special vacuum electron beam welding machine. ES1-2 welding machine, which uses automatic welding fixture, complete the vacuum in the material - welding - cooling - blanking, each 100. HD-60-type welder, which only welded locally sealed in the vacuum chamber, the machine movements and parameters are controlled by a computer. Electrode Beam welding rod forming difference is caused by the focus of the electron beam distortion, spatter, filament aging caused by the use of electron gun, electron beam scanning, select a reasonable standard to solve; not penetration is caused by changes in focus power density , Adjust the focus size and position, or improve the connector structure, increase the acceleration voltage to eliminate; stomatal causes more specific, may be splashes, surface cleanliness, with residual gas caused by the gap, the general use of strict cleaning of the workpiece, the electron beam Scan or improve the end plug structure and other measures to avoid.