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为了比较美国及我国小麦品种的遗传多样性,选用55对SSR引物对引自美国的67份小麦品种及我国黄淮麦区推广面积较大的17个品种进行了遗传多样性分析。结果表明,67份美国小麦品种共检测到443个等位变异,单个引物位点的等位变异为2～24个,平均每个位点8.10个,各位点多态性信息含量(PIC)变幅为0.11～0.92,平均为0.59;黄淮麦区小麦品种共检测到266个等位变异,单个引物位点的等位变异为2～9个,平均每个位点4.82个,PIC变幅为0.10～0.84,平均为0.55。67个美国小麦品种A、B、D三个基因组的平均等位变异与平均PIC值大小分别为:B(8.60)>D(7.88)>A(7.63)和B(0.62)>A(0.58)>D(0.56);黄淮麦区17个小麦品种三个基因组的平均等位变异与平均PIC值大小分别为:B(5.30)>A(5.10)>D(3.94)和B(0.58)>A(0.57)>D(0.48)。聚类分析结果表明,55对SSR引物能将84份材料区分开来,并分为六大类,15个国内小麦品种被聚为一类,中国春自成一类,其余材料被聚为四类。由此可知,美国小麦品种的遗传多样性较高,与黄淮麦区小麦品种的遗传差异较大。
In order to compare the genetic diversity of wheat cultivars in the United States and China, 55 pairs of SSR primers were used to analyze the genetic diversity of 67 wheat cultivars derived from the United States and 17 cultivars widely popularized in China’s Huang-Huai Wheat Region. The results showed that a total of 443 alleles were detected in 67 wheat cultivars in the United States. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 24, with an average of 8.10 loci per locus. The polymorphism information content (PIC) A total of 266 alleles were detected in wheat cultivars in Huang-Huai Wheat Region. The average number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 9, with an average of 4.82 loci per PIC. (0.10-0.84) with an average of 0.55. The average allelic variants and mean PIC values of three genotypes A, B and D of American wheat cultivars A, B and D were respectively B (8.60)> D (7.88)> A (7.63) and B (0.62)> A (0.58)> D (0.56). The mean allelic variation and average PIC value of the three genomes of 17 wheat cultivars in Huang-Huai region were: B (5.30)> A (3.94) and B (0.58)> A (0.57)> D (0.48). The results of cluster analysis showed that 55 pairs of SSR primers could distinguish 84 materials, divided into six groups, 15 domestic wheat cultivars were clustered into one group, class. It can be seen that the genetic diversity of the US wheat cultivars is high, and the genetic differences between the wheat cultivars in the Huanghuai wheat region and the wheat cultivars are greater.