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单倍体育种是新近发展起来的一种育种方法,它能控制杂种分离,加快育种速度,简化选育程序和提高选择效率,是育种工作上的一项重大技术革新。当前开展的甜菜育种中除混合选种以外,一般多采用自交方法,把有些优良性状稳定下来,在杂交优势育种中为了获得更高的杂交优势效果,也用多代自交的方法培育大最的自交系但用连续自交的方法创造一个自交系,一般需要4—5代的自交,就得花费8—10年的时间,这就直接影响到自交系的质量。采用人工离体培养甜菜花药诱导单倍体植株,就能快速获得纯系。在欧洲采用组织培养的方法进行细胞杂交的研究也在广泛开展。我们于1973年首次获得甜菜单倍体植株。1979年中国农科院甜菜研究所也获得了单倍体植株。目前甜菜花药培养的研究,虽然难度比较大,但近几年来有了一些进展。花药培养只是一种育种手段,如果与常规育种相结合,将是很有希望的。
Haploid breeding is a newly developed breeding method that can control hybrid separation, speed up breeding, simplify breeding programs and improve selection efficiency. It is a major technological innovation in breeding. In addition to the current selection of sugar beet breeding mixed selection, the general use of self-self method, the stability of some of the fine traits, hybrid breeding in order to achieve higher heterosis breeding effect, but also with multiple generations of self-cultivation methods to cultivate large The most inbred lines, but using inbred lines to create an inbred line, usually takes 4-5 generations of selfing, you have to spend 8-10 years, which directly affects the quality of inbred lines. Artificial cultivation of beet anthers in vitro induction of haploid plants, you can quickly get pure lines. Research on the use of tissue culture in Europe for cell hybridization is also widespread. We first got beet haploid plants in 1973. 1979 Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences beet Institute also won the haploid plants. At present, the study of sugar beet anther culture, although more difficult, has made some progress in recent years. Anther culture is just a means of breeding, which, if combined with conventional breeding, would be promising.