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五十多年前,生物化学家就注意到同一种酶可以多种分子形式存在。现在已证明了酶的多分子形式是生物体内的一种普遍现象。酶的多分子形式研究又进一步导致了同工酶的发现。同工酶是生物体代谢的调节者,它们与特殊生理功能和细胞分化相联系;另外,同工酶的发生与基因进化和种的演变有关系。因此,同工酶表现出明显的组织、种属和发育的特异性。同工酶不仅是生理指标,而且是可靠的遗传标志。所以,在分子遗传学,系统分类学、分子进化、发育生物学和临床医学等领域中,同工酶得到了日益深入的研究。Markert 1957年首创了“酶谱法”,即一种将同
More than fifty years ago, biochemists noticed that the same enzyme could exist in many different molecular forms. It has now been demonstrated that the multimolecular form of enzymes is a common phenomenon in organisms. The multimolecular study of the enzyme further led to the discovery of isoenzymes. Isoenzymes are regulators of biological metabolism, and they are associated with specific physiological functions and cell differentiation; in addition, the occurrence of isozymes is related to the evolution of genes and the evolution of species. Therefore, isozymes showed obvious tissue, species and developmental specificity. Isoenzyme is not only a physiological indicator, but also a reliable genetic marker. Therefore, in molecular genetics, phylogenetics, molecular evolution, developmental biology and clinical medicine and other fields, isoenzyme has been more and more in-depth study. Markert 1957 pioneered the “zymogram,” a will be the same