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The specimens were prepared by molding the mix-ture of silica fume ( w(SiO2) =94. 5% ; average parti-cle size:0.08 μm ) and silicon nitride (≤0.074 mm) with a mass ratio of 1:1, carbon embedded firing at 1 300 ℃, 1 450 ℃, 1 500 ℃, 1 550 ℃ and 1 600 ℃ for 3 h in air, and then water-cooling, respectively. The microstructure and phase composition of the speci-mens were analyzed. The results show that: (1) silica fume reacts obviously with Si3N4 forming Si2N2O above 1 550 ℃. The edges and corners of Si3N4 grains become smooth and the Si3N4 grains distribute in the continuous cementation phase of Si2N2O forming the dense structure of Si2N2O packed Si3N4;(2) below 1 500 ℃ , the ed-ges and corners of Si3N4 grains are clear, Si2N2O doesnt form, and only SiO2 crystallizes from silica fume which happens obviously at 1 300 ℃.