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精准医疗概念的提出为肿瘤治疗开创了新的时代。利用基因测序技术精准地找到患者基因突变靶标,采取针对性的化疗药物治疗,对癌细胞完成“精确打击”成为肿瘤治疗的新模式。然而,由于癌细胞基因的不稳定性,仅仅采用基因测序这种间接方式,在大多数情况下并不足以给出最合理的用药方案。而精准医疗不仅仅是基因测序,还包括了多层面医疗技术的使用。利用病人自体肿瘤细胞体外模型对候选药物或药物组合进行精确的药理分析和药效检测,是一种更为直接、更为准确的肿瘤诊治模式。将基因筛选与体外肿瘤模型分析相结合,可以更大程度上的筛选出对病人个体有效的化疗药物,从而最终实现对患者进行个体化精准用药的目的。本文对基于病人自体肿瘤细胞体外模型指导个性化用药的发展历程、现状及未来展望进行了综述。
The concept of precision medical treatment has created a new era for cancer treatment. The use of gene sequencing technology to accurately find the target of patients with mutations, targeted chemotherapy drugs, to complete the “precision strike” cancer cells become a new model of cancer treatment. However, due to the instability of cancer cell genes, the mere use of the indirect method of gene sequencing is not sufficient to give the most rational drug use scenario in most cases. Precision medicine is not just about gene sequencing, it also includes the use of multi-level medical technology. Accurate pharmacological analysis and efficacy testing of candidate drugs or drug combinations using patient autologous tumor cell model in vitro is a more direct and accurate tumor diagnosis and treatment model. Combining gene screening with in vitro tumor model analysis can more effectively screen out effective chemotherapeutic agents for individual patients, and ultimately achieve the goal of individualized and precise drug use for patients. This article reviews the development history, current status, and future prospects of personalized medicine based on in vitro models of patients’ autologous tumor cells.