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地磁场是地球的固有资源,利用地磁场匹配进行导航是一种新型导航技术。与传统的惯性导航和卫星导航比较,地磁导航具有无积累误差、抗干扰、隐蔽性好、导航信息丰富等优势。文章介绍了地磁导航的3个基本要素,即磁场测量技术、地磁模型以及定位与导航技术。分析了弱磁场磁力仪在地磁导航中的应用及其优缺点,讨论了地磁场模型和地磁匹配算法,展望了地磁导航技术的应用前景。
Earth’s magnetic field is the Earth’s natural resources, the use of geomagnetic matching navigation is a new type of navigation technology. Compared with traditional inertial navigation and satellite navigation, geomagnetic navigation has the advantages of no accumulation error, good anti-interference, good concealment and rich navigation information. The article introduces three basic elements of geomagnetic navigation, namely magnetic field measurement technology, geomagnetic model and positioning and navigation technology. The application of weak magnetic field magnetometer in geomagnetism navigation and its advantages and disadvantages are analyzed. The geomagnetic field model and geomagnetic matching algorithm are discussed. The application foreground of geomagnetic navigation technology is prospected.