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马克思主义认为,人类社会经过“人的依赖关系阶段”、“以物的依赖性为基础的人的独立性阶段”和“建立在个人全面发展基础上的自由性阶段”。与此相对应的三种教育理论是工具性教育、个人主体性教育和类主体教育。当代西方国家人的发展已经走完了两个阶段,完成了两种发展形态,他们的教育也开始从个人主体教育转向类主体教育。目前,中国正面临选择的困境,结合现实国情,主体性教育是中国教育的价值选择。
According to Marxism, human society passes the stage of “the stage of human dependence” and “the stage of independence of human beings based on the dependence of things.” The “stage of freedom” is based on the all-round development of individuals. . The three kinds of educational theories corresponding to this are instrumental education, individual subject education and class-oriented education. The development of the people in the contemporary Western countries has gone through two stages and completed two forms of development. Their education has also begun to shift from individual subject education to category-based education. At present, China is facing the predicament of choice. According to the actual conditions, subjective education is the value choice of Chinese education.