目的　对本校儿科医院住院病例进行肺炎链球菌的血清型和耐药性监测。方法　收集因呼吸道感染而住院的病例痰标本和病史资料 ,同时采集部分患儿的血标本 ,分离与鉴定标本中的肺炎链球菌。荚膜肿胀试验进行血清分型 ;E test测定对青霉素的最低抑菌浓度。结果　共收集到 10 13例患儿的资料 ,分离出 112株肺炎链球菌。 19F、2 3F、6A、14和 6B等 5种血清型占 81.3% ( 91/112 ) ,其他类型的血清型占 11.6 % ( 13/112 )。另有 7.1% ( 8/112 )的肺炎链球菌不能分型。只有 1例血标本检测到肺炎链球菌 ,这可能与患儿入院前的抗菌素广泛使用有关。对青霉素中度和高度耐药的肺炎链球菌比例分别为 5 0 .9%和 8.0 % ;对氨苄青霉素、头孢唑林、头孢克洛、头孢曲松、红霉素、氯林可霉素和氯霉素的耐药率分别为 5 8.6 %、6 .6 %、2 5 .0 %、6 .6 %、85 .7%、6 6 .7%和 2 8.2 %。在 6 6例对青霉素耐药的菌株中 ,以 9F血清型最为多见 ,其次为 2 3F和 14。结论　肺炎链球菌是导致上海地区儿童呼吸道感染的重要病原菌 ,主要由 5种血清型组成 ,该菌株对各类抗菌素的耐药性普遍较高 Objective To monitor the serotype and drug resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae inpatients in our pediatric hospital. Methods The sputum samples and history data of patients who were hospitalized due to respiratory infection were collected. Blood samples of some children were also collected, and S. pneumoniae was isolated and identified. Capsule swollen test for serotyping; E test determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration of penicillin. Results A total of 10 13 children were collected and 112 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae were isolated. Five serotypes, 19F, 23F, 6A, 14 and 6B, accounted for 81.3% (91/112), while other serotypes accounted for 11.6% (13/112). Another 7.1% (8/112) of S. pneumoniae can not type. Only one blood sample detected S. pneumoniae, which may be related to the widespread use of antibiotics before admission to children. The proportion of moderate and highly resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae to penicillin was 50.9% and 8.0%, respectively. For ampicillin, cefazolin, cefaclor, ceftriaxone, erythromycin, clindamycin and The resistance rates of chloramphenicol were 58.6%, 6.6%, 25.0%, 6.6%, 85.7%, 66.7% and 22.6% respectively. Of the 6 6 penicillin-resistant strains, the 9F serotype was the most common, followed by 23F and 14. Conclusion Streptococcus pneumoniae is an important pathogen causing respiratory tract infection in children in Shanghai. It mainly consists of 5 serotypes. The antibiotic resistance of this strain is generally high