本文阐述了生物芯片的制作原理及杂交信号的检测方法及其在生物医学中的应用。生物芯片的制作工艺主要分两大类 :一类是采用在芯片点阵上直接合成寡核苷酸的方法 ;另一类是用点阵或喷墨打印法将纳升级的微量 DNA溶液直接以阵列形式点放并固化在芯片载体上。生物芯片主要通过杂交信号进行检测。对于荧光标记的杂交信号的检测方法 ,主要有激光荧光扫描显微镜、激光扫描共焦显微镜、带有CCD相机的荧光显微镜、光纤生物传感器等。对于生物素标记的杂交信号的检测方法 ,主要有化学发光法、光激发磷光物质存储屏法、光散射法等。 DNA基因芯片在生物医学中有着重大的应用前景 This article describes the production of biochips and hybridization signal detection methods and their applications in biomedicine. Biochip production process is mainly divided into two categories: one is the use of direct synthesis of oligos on the chip lattice method; the other is the use of dot matrix or inkjet printing nanoscaled DNA solution directly The array is spotted and solidified on the chip carrier. Biochip is mainly detected by hybridization signal. For fluorescence-labeled hybridization signal detection methods, there are laser fluorescence scanning microscopy, laser scanning confocal microscope, with a CCD camera fluorescence microscope, optical fiber biosensors. For biotin-labeled hybridization signal detection methods, there are chemiluminescence method, photo-excitation phosphorescent material storage screen method, light scattering method. DNA microarray has great application prospect in biomedicine