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目的了解天津市中学生结核病防治相关知识、态度和行为及其干预效果,为预防结核病暴发流行提供参考。方法采取三阶段分层系统随机抽样方法,对天津市8所中学2 400名中学生进行结核病健康教育,评价干预前后学生结核病防治知识、相关态度和行为的改变情况。结果干预后中学生对肺结核病的传染性、传播途径、可疑症状、预防措施和免费政策等核心信息知晓率分别由干预前的75.3%,69.1%,71.4%,37.3%和41.1%提高到92.8%,85.8%,85.1%,53.9%和74.7%;5条核心信息总知晓率由干预前的58.9%上升到78.5%。对结核病患病可能性大、结核病可防可治、不歧视结核病人以及愿意获取健康知识的合理态度持有率分别由干预前的31.8%,33.6%,49.4%和83.6%提高到43.4%,84.7%,63.5%和94.7%。及时就医和主动普及结核病防治知识的正确行为持有率由干预前的57.3%,20.1%提高到83.8%,32.2%。结论天津市中学生结核病健康教育干预效果显著,健康讲座、知识竞赛、主题班会等是学校宣传中有效的健康干预方式。
Objective To understand the knowledge, attitude, behaviors and intervention effects of tuberculosis prevention and control among middle school students in Tianjin and provide references for preventing tuberculosis outbreak. Methods A three-stage stratified systematic random sampling method was used to educate 2 400 secondary school students in eight secondary schools in Tianjin to evaluate TB knowledge and related attitudes and behaviors among TB students before and after intervention. Results The awareness rates of core information on TB infection, transmission, suspicious symptoms, preventive measures and free policies of middle school students after intervention were increased from 75.3%, 69.1%, 71.4%, 37.3% and 41.1% before intervention to 92.8% , 85.8%, 85.1%, 53.9% and 74.7% respectively. The total awareness of the five core messages increased from 58.9% before the intervention to 78.5%. Prevalence of tuberculosis with a high possibility of TB prevention and treatment, non-discrimination of tuberculosis patients and willingness to acquire a reasonable attitude of health knowledge from pre-intervention 31.8%, 33.6%, 49.4% and 83.6% to 43.4% respectively, 84.7%, 63.5% and 94.7%. Timely medical treatment and take the initiative to popularize the knowledge of TB prevention and treatment of the correct behavior from the pre-intervention rate of 57.3%, 20.1% to 83.8%, 32.2%. Conclusion TB intervention among TB students in Tianjin is significant, with healthy lectures, knowledge contests and thematic class meetings as effective health interventions in school publicity.