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本文介绍了俄罗斯近半个世纪以来应用航空γ能谱找铀矿工作及其发展过程的概况,并提出了今后发展的方向。30多年来,俄罗斯研制生产了10多种型号的仪器,其中以近年生产的CA-99(256道)型和AC-CB(512道)最为先进,甚至超过美国生产的GR-820型。航测工作有如下变化:(1)从最初的“低空低速”找局部异常,发展为最近的“高空高速”找成矿环境,甚至找地浸砂岩铀矿;(2)由微分道测量U、Th、K,发展到全谱段测量多矿种,用途广,特别是扩大了地质和生态等方面的应用领域;(3)由多边形模型标定仪器,发展到用计算方法标定仪器。这种标定误差小、费用低,俄方的这些变化值得借鉴。
This article presents an overview of Russia’s use of aviation γ-ray to find uranium mines during the past half century and its development process, and puts forward the direction of future development. For more than 30 years, Russia has developed more than 10 types of instruments, of which the most advanced types of CA-99 (256) and AC-CB (512) produced in recent years are even more than the US-made GR-820. The aerial survey has the following changes: (1) looking for local anomalies from the initial “low-lying and low-velocity” development and developing the most recent “high-altitude and high-speed” prospecting for ore-forming environments and even finding leaching sandstone uranium deposits; (2) Th, K, to develop multi-minerals for the whole spectrum. It is widely used, especially for applications such as geology and ecology. (3) The calibration of instruments from polygon models has progressed to the calibration of instruments by computational methods. This calibration error is small, the cost is low, the Russian changes worth learning.