常见高性能热防护材料的力学性能较为薄弱,这成为了飞行器热防护系统发展的瓶颈。因此,如何设计热防护材料,使其具有良好隔热效果同时兼具足够的承载能力,成为当前的研究热点。本文针对碳/碳多孔防热复合材料进行了单轴压缩实验,获得了其压缩应力—应变曲线,研究了其压缩变形特征及相应的失效模式,并通过SEM观测变形前后的材料细观结构,分析了材料内部的细观变形机制,也为进一步建立表征材料内部细观结构特征的有限元模型和进行数值模拟研究奠定了实验基础。实验结果表明:材料内部纤维主要沿面内随机分布,呈现出明显的分层现象。受其结构的影响,该材料面内方向力学性能比厚度方向优越。 Common mechanical properties of high-performance thermal protection material is relatively weak, which became the bottleneck of the development of aircraft thermal protection system. Therefore, how to design a thermal protection material to make it have a good thermal insulation effect and at the same time have sufficient bearing capacity has become a current research hotspot. In this paper, a uniaxial compression experiment was carried out on carbon / carbon porous heat-resistant composite materials, and the compressive stress-strain curves were obtained. The compression deformation characteristics and corresponding failure modes were also studied. The mesostructures of materials before and after deformation were observed by SEM, The mechanism of meso-deformation in the material is also analyzed, which lays the foundation for the further establishment of the finite element model for characterizing the microstructure of the material and the numerical simulation. The experimental results show that the fibers in the material are distributed randomly along the surface and show obvious delamination. Affected by its structure, the in-plane mechanical properties of the material are superior to the thickness direction.