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【目的】采用多元方差分析、多元线性回归分析、通径分析等统计方法,并利用多元统计方法对土壤中微生物含量进行分析。【方法】通过研究这3种常用统计方法的原理、应用条件、适用于解决的问题等,用不同的方法分析影响土壤中微生物含量的各种因素,利用SPSS软件求解。【结果】得出不同降雨量下土壤中的微生物含量存在差异性;铵态氮含量和海拔高度与变形菌门含量呈显著的线性关系,土壤中变形菌门含量随着铵态氮含量增多而增多,且铵态氮含量对变形菌门含量所起的直接作用最大;土壤中铵态氮含量、总氮量和海拔高度与放线菌门含量呈显著的线性关系,且均为负相关;其中总氮量对土壤中放线菌门含量的变化所起的负面作用最大,但铵态氮含量对放线菌门含量所起的直接作用最大。对比描述性统计方法与多元方差分析方法可知,应用描述性统计方法只能得出降雨量是影响土壤中不同细菌群落相对含量的因素之一,而不知降雨量对微生物含量变化的影响程度,6个梯度降雨量引起地显著差异究竟是由哪种微生物引起的,方差分析方法可以解决以上的问题。对比多元线性回归分析方法与通径分析方法可知,多元线性回归分析得出的相关系数只能表示铵态氮含量、总氮量和海拔与变形菌门含量(放线菌门含量)之间关系的密切程度,但无法解释和分析这种关系的构成和来源,通径分析方法可以解决这个问题。【结论】通径分析方法在分析相关问题时要优于多元线性回归分析方法,通径分析比多元线性回归分析方法更能体现因素对变形菌门含量(放线菌门含量)的直接影响和间接影响,分析结论更直观、更能说明问题。
【Objective】 Multivariate analysis of variance, multiple linear regression analysis, path analysis and other statistical methods were used to analyze the content of microorganism in soil by multivariate statistical method. 【Method】 By analyzing the principles, application conditions and the problems to be solved in the three commonly used statistical methods, various factors affecting soil microbial content were analyzed by different methods and solved by SPSS software. 【Result】 The results showed that there was a difference in soil microbial biomass under different rainfalls. There was a significant linear relationship between ammonium nitrogen content and altitude and the content of Proteobacteria, and the content of Proteobacteria in soil increased with the increase of ammonium nitrogen content And the content of ammonium nitrogen had the greatest direct effect on the content of proteobacteria. The content of ammonium nitrogen, total nitrogen and altitude in soil had a significant linear relationship with the content of actinomycetes, and all were negatively correlated. Among them, the total amount of nitrogen had the greatest negative effect on the content of actinomycetes in soil, but the direct effect of ammonium content on the amount of actinomycetes was the largest. Comparing descriptive statistics with multivariate analysis of variance (ANOVA), we can see that using the descriptive statistics method, we can only conclude that rainfall is one of the factors that affect the relative content of different bacterial communities in the soil, and we do not know the impact of rainfall on the changes of microbial content. Gradient rainfall caused by significant differences caused by what kind of microbes, and the method of analysis of variance can solve the above problems. Compared with multivariate linear regression analysis method and path analysis method, the correlation coefficients obtained by multiple linear regression analysis can only represent the relationship between ammonium nitrogen content, total nitrogen and altitude and the content of proteobacteria (actinomycetes) But can not explain and analyze the composition and origin of this relationship, and the path analysis method can solve this problem. 【Conclusion】 Path analysis method is better than multivariate linear regression analysis method in analyzing related problems. Path analysis method can better reflect the direct influence of factors on Proteobacteria content (actinomycetes content) than multivariate linear regression analysis method and Indirect effects, the conclusions of the analysis more intuitive, better explain the problem.