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聚集诱导发光(AIE)是指一类荧光生色团在溶液状态下微弱发光甚至不发光,而在固态或聚集状态下荧光显著增强的一种光物理现象.具有AIE特性的分子作为荧光探针在生物检测领域有着传统荧光探针分子不能比拟的优点.一方面可以使更多的AIE探针分子结合到生物大分子上获得高亮度的荧光,而不必担心像传统的荧光分子那样发生聚集导致的荧光猝灭,这为荧光检测提供了便利.另一方面,在聚集后发生的荧光急剧变亮的特性可以作为荧光放大检测的定量依据.本文展示一些有代表性的具有AIE特性的分子,重点介绍其在蛋白质、DNA、G4、手性有机胺等生物分子检测中的应用,阐明AIE荧光探针的工作原理和特点,并对AIE荧光探针的设计与应用给予展望.
Aggregation-induced luminescence (AIE) refers to a class of photophysical phenomena in which a fluorescent chromophore weakly or not emits light in solution, while its fluorescence is significantly enhanced in a solid state or in an aggregated state. AIE molecules are used as fluorescent probes In the field of biological testing, there are advantages that traditional fluorescent probe molecules can not compare.On the one hand, more AIE probe molecules can be bound to biological macromolecules to obtain high-intensity fluorescence without having to worry about the aggregation of traditional fluorescent molecules Of fluorescence quenching, which is convenient for fluorescence detection.On the other hand, the rapid fluorescence of the fluorescence intensity after aggregation can be used as quantitative basis of fluorescence amplification detection.This paper presents some representative molecules with AIE characteristics, It focuses on its application in the detection of biomolecules such as protein, DNA, G4 and chiral organic amines. The working principle and characteristics of AIE fluorescent probes are elucidated. The design and application of AIE fluorescent probes are also discussed.