目的: 探讨智力低下的危险因素。方法: 回顾性调查 216户家庭, 运用多元Logistic回归分析孕产期因素对儿童智力低下的影响。结果: 孕期营养、孕期用药、孕期未补充相关元素、孕期生活事件、妊娠合并症、孕母年龄、分娩因素和新生儿疾病影响儿童智力低下的发生。结论: 应从生物、心理和社会因素全方位加强孕产期保健, 以降低智力低下儿童的发生。 Objective: To explore the risk factors of mental retardation. Methods: A retrospective survey of 216 families, using multivariate Logistic regression analysis of maternal factors on children’s mental retardation. Results: Prenatal nutrition, pregnancy medication, pregnancy-related factors were not added, pregnancy life events, pregnancy complications, gestational age, childbirth factors and neonatal diseases affect the occurrence of mental retardation in children. CONCLUSION: Maternal health care should be comprehensively strengthened in biological, psychological and social factors to reduce the incidence of mental retardation in children.