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洱海是云南省主要的水产基地之一。于2009年8月和11月,对洱海进行了鱼类资源调查,渔获物中有鱼类23种,隶属于6目9科,其中,子陵栉鰕虎鱼(Ctenogobius giurinus)、波氏栉鰕虎鱼(Ctenogobius cliffordpopei)、麦穗鱼(Pseudorasbora parva)等小型低值品鱼类在种类和数量上占据优势;鲫(Carassius auratus)、鲤(Cyprinus carpio)等原定居型经济鱼类产量不高;太湖新银鱼(Neosalanx taihuensis)以及依赖于人工放养的鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)、鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)等经济鱼类成为渔业主体。参照国家《渔业水质标准》(GB11607-89)以及《地面水环境质量标准》(GB3838-88),对2004～2009年洱海的水质监测数据,包括透明度、pH、高锰酸盐指数、五日生化需氧量、氨氮、总氮、总磷等指标,进行了分析。研究结果表明,洱海水质整体上为Ⅲ类水质,处于中营养化水平,除透明度、pH两项指标存在超标现象以外,其他指标总体处于正常渔业水质标准范围之内。针对当前洱海的渔业资源和水环境现状,提出了“增殖现有放养经济鱼种-控制小型低值品鱼种-恢复原有珍稀土著鱼种”和“增殖现有放养经济鱼种-引进优良新品种”两种具有不同侧重点的渔业发展模式。
Erhai Lake is one of the major aquatic breeding bases in Yunnan Province. In August and November 2009, a survey of fish resources was conducted in Erhai Lake. Twenty-three fish species were found in the catchment, belonging to 6 orders and 9 families. Among them, Ctenogobius giurinus, Ctenogobius cliffordpopei, Pseudorasbora parva and other small low-value fish accounted for the dominant species and quantity; Carassius auratus, Cyprinus carpio and other indigenous settlement economic fish production Neosalanx taihuensis, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and Aristichthys nobilis depend on artificial stocking as the main fishery. According to the national “Fishery Water Quality Standard” (GB11607-89) and “Groundwater Environmental Quality Standard” (GB3838-88), the monitoring data of water quality of Erhai Lake from 2004 to 2009 including transparency, pH, permanganate index, Biochemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and other indicators were analyzed. The results showed that the overall water quality of Erhai Lake was Grade III water quality and was in the level of eutrophication. Except for the indicators of transparency and pH, the other indicators were generally within the normal fishery water quality standards. In response to the current status of fishery resources and water environment in Erhai Lake, the paper proposes that “the breeding of existing stocking economic species - control of small low-value species of fish - restoration of existing rare indigenous fish species” and “proliferation of existing stocked economic species - Introducing good new varieties ”Two fishery development models with different focuses.