目的探讨补体第四成份C4A、C4B基因缺陷与精神分裂症的相关性。方法采用Amp-RFLP(amplification restriction fragment length polymorphism)方法，对192例精神分裂症患者和142例健康对照组样本补体第四成份C4A、C4B基因缺陷的相关性进行研究。结果精神分裂症患者与补体第四成份C4A基因缺陷纯合子C4AQ0/C4AQ0的发病率显著高于对照组(χ2=8.54,P＜0.01)，关联强度RR值为6.8。精神分裂症患者与补体第四成份C4B基因缺陷纯合子C4BQ0/C4BQ0的发病率与对照组进行比较无显著差异性(χ2=0.11，P＞0.05),关联强度RR值为0.73。结论本实验结果提示补体第四成份C4A基因缺陷纯合子与精神分裂症有密切相关性。“,”Objective 　To assess the association between the gene of complement C4A, C4B deficiency and schizophrenia. Methods　192 patients with schizophrenia and 142 healthy controls were tested with the amplification restriction fragment length polymorphism (Amp-RFLP) technique.Results　The frequency of C4AQ0/C4AQ0 homozygote was higher in the patient group than in the control group (χ2=8.54, P＜0.01). The relative risk (RR) of C4AQ0/C4AQ0 homozygote for schizophrenia was 6.8. There was no increased frequency of C4B deficiency in patients with schizophrenia (χ2=0.11, P＞0.05, RR=0.73).Conclusions　These results indicate that there is a positive association between complement C4A dificiency and schizophrenia. Moreover, our study did not support a widespread association between a deficiency in complement component C4B and schizophrenia.rn