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目的了解我国东部部分地区年龄≥35岁高血压人群的生活质量及其影响因素。方法从我国东部9个区/县随机抽取年龄≥35岁调查对象,其中高血压患者4400例,4176例数据完整。使用世界卫生组织生存质量测定简式量表(WHOQOL-BREF)对该人群生活质量进行评估,使用Cronbach’s alpha和Pearson相关系数评估量表信度;因子分析评估结构效度。采用多元逐步线性回归分析影响生活质量的因素。结果总的Cronbach’s alpha为0.78,各维度的Cronbach’s alpha值范围在0.78~0.83之间;经因子分析提取了5个公因子,方差累计贡献率为57.17%。研究发现该人群的生活质量评分相对较低,其中心理维度最低,为57.19。多元逐步线性回归分析显示,年龄、婚姻状况、城乡、文化程度、体质量指数和高血压病程与生活质量相关(均P<0.05)。结论 WHOQOL-BREF用于评估高血压患者的生活质量具有较高的信度和效度。我国东部地区年龄≥35岁高血压人群的生活质量得分相对较低,尤其是高龄、农村、未婚/离异/丧偶、教育程度低、体质量过轻和高血压病程较长者。
Objective To understand the quality of life and its influencing factors in hypertensive population over 35 years old in some parts of eastern China. Methods From 9 districts / counties in the eastern part of our country, randomly selected subjects aged ≥35 years, including 4400 cases of hypertension and 4176 cases of complete data. The quality of life of this population was assessed using WHOQOL-BREF, Cronbach’s alpha and Pearson correlation coefficients were used to assess the reliability of the scale, and factor analysis was used to assess the validity of the construct. Factors influencing quality of life were analyzed by multivariate stepwise linear regression analysis. Results The total Cronbach’s alpha was 0.78, and the Cronbach’s alpha of each dimension ranged from 0.78 to 0.83. Five common factors were extracted from the factor analysis and the cumulative contribution rate was 57.17%. The study found that the population’s quality of life score is relatively low, with the lowest psychological dimension of 57.19. Multivariate stepwise linear regression analysis showed that age, marital status, urban and rural areas, education level, body mass index and duration of hypertension were related to quality of life (all P <0.05). Conclusion WHOQOL-BREF has a high reliability and validity for assessing quality of life in hypertensive patients. The quality of life of people with hypertension of ≥35 years old in the eastern part of China is relatively low, especially in senior citizens, rural areas, unmarried / divorced / widowed, with low education, low body weight and longer duration of hypertension.