一、美国州和地方政府财政与联邦政府财政的关系美国是联邦制国家。美国宪法采用了限权政府的原则,并以分权制衡的措施来控制政府。所谓分权,即国家政体由联邦、州和地方三级政府组成,联邦政府和各州政府各有自己的宪法,各自实行三权分立。联邦宪法在原则上规定了各级政府的权力,但解释权限的弹性很大。美国先有州、后有国,州权思想不仅根深蒂固,甚至被认为是至高无上的。加上其他历史、经济和政治方面的原因,州和联邦政府争权的斗争持续了一个半世纪。19世纪就是所谓的“二元联邦制”时代,各州是制约联邦政府权力的重要力量。 First, the United States state and local government finances and federal government finances The United States is a federal state. The United States Constitution has adopted the principle of limiting government and has taken the measure of decentralization to control the government. The so-called decentralization, that is, state government by the federal, state and local governments at three levels, the federal government and state governments each have their own constitution, the implementation of the separation of powers. The federal constitution, in principle, provides for the power of all levels of government, but the power to interpret authority is high. In the United States, there were states before and after that. The idea of ​​state power was not only deeply rooted, but even considered supreme. Together with other historical, economic and political reasons, the struggle between states and the federal government to fight for power lasted a century and a half. The 19th century was the so-called era of “dual federalism.” Each state was an important force that constrained the power of the federal government.