人类赖以生存的地球,不停地围绕着太阳旋转,公转一周为时一年,产生了春夏秋冬的季节变化;地球还以地轴为中心,每天自西向东自转,自转一周便产生了昼夜的交替。地球的两极几乎常年为冰雪所覆盖,巨大的冰川影响着世界的气候和人类的生活方式。因此,对地球两极地区的考察已成为科学史上最富有冒险性的行为。早在十八世纪,就有一些国家对南极进行了考察。同时,也有些国家对南极提出了领土要求。后来,提出领土要求的国家逐渐 Human beings rely on the earth, constantly revolving around the sun, revolving a week for a year, resulting in seasonal changes in spring, summer, autumn and winter; earth is also centered on the axis of rotation every day from west to east, rotating one week produced a day and night Alternate. The poles of the earth are covered with ice and snow almost all year long, and the huge glaciers affect the world’s climate and human lifestyles. Therefore, the study of the polar regions of the earth has become the most adventurous act in the history of science. As early as the eighteenth century, some countries conducted an inspection of the Antarctic. At the same time, some countries also made territorial claims on the Antarctic. Later, the countries that made the territorial claim gradually came