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一、hear，hear from，hear of与hear that从句的用法
1.hear单独使用表示“听见”，“听到”，常用的结构有：
（1）hear sb/sth 听到某人或某物的声音
Haven’t you heard anything? 难道你没有听到什么声音？
（2）hear sb do sth 听到某人做某事
I often hear Li Ping read English in the morning.我经常在早晨听到李平读英语。
（3）hear sb doing sth 听到某人正在做某事
I heard him singing in the next room.我听见他正在隔壁房间里唱歌。
特别提示
hear sb do sth指听到整个行动或整个事件；而hear sb doing sth是指听到了行动的一部分，有正在发生的意思。试比较：
I heard the boy go down the stairs.我听到这个男孩走下楼去。
I heard the boy going down the stairs.我听到这个男孩下楼的声音。
2.hear from意为“收到……的信”；“得到……消息”。
How often do you hear from your father? 你每隔多久收到你父亲的信？
Have you still not heard from him? 你还没有收到他的信吗？
I haven’t heard from him since he telephoned.自从他打电话以来，我一直没有他的消息。
特别提示
hear from的宾语是表示人的名词或代词，而不是表示信件的名词。如：
我们好几个星期未收到他的信了。
误：We haven’t heard from his letter for weeks.
正：We haven’t heard from him for weeks.
正：We haven’t got a letter from him for weeks.
3.hear of意为“听说”，后面接名词，代词或动名词。
I’ve never heard of that before.我以前从未听说过那件事。
She disappeared and was never heard of again.她不知去向了，再未听到她的消息。
4.hear接从句，是“听说”的意思。
One day，the Smiths heard that there was a good doctor in a town not far away.一天，史密斯一家听说不远的镇里有一位好医生。
I hear that one of the moneys has a baby.我听说其中一只猴子生了个宝宝。
强化训练
1.I can’t___________you at all.我根本就听不到你的声音。
2.I___________(hear)him ___________(talk) in the next room.我听见他正在隔壁房间谈话。
3.I haven’t ___________(收到……来信) him since he telephoned.
4.—Have you ever heard___________Mr Smith，your new math teacher?
—Yes，just a little.
二、be made from/of
意为“由……（原料）制成”，后面一般接物质名词。接from则表示某物品制成后，已看不出原材料是什么，原材料在制作过程中已起了化学变化；接of表示某物品制成后，仍可看得出原材料，其原料在制作过程中仅起了物理变化。
Nylon is made from air，coal and water.尼龙是由空气，煤和水加工制成的。
Wine is made from grapes.葡萄酒是由葡萄制成的。
The desk is made of wood.这桌子是由木头做的。
知识拓展
1.be made up of表示某物或某组织由一种成分或一个个成员组成。
The world is made up of matter.世界是由物质构成的。
A TV set is made up of hundreds of different parts.电视机是由数百个不同的零件组装成的。
2.be made into意为“把……做成……”，主语在意义上为原材料，介词宾语在意义上为制成品。
Bamboo is also made into paper.竹子也可以用来造纸。
3.be made in意思是“在……（地点）制造”，介词in后接产地。
This kind of computer is made in the USA.这种电脑是美国制造的。
This printing machine was made in Beijing.这台印刷机是北京生产的。
4.be made by意思是“由……制造”，介词by后跟动作的执行者。
This model ship is made by Uncle Wang.这个轮船模型是由王叔叔制作的。
强化训练
（ ）1.Paper is made______ wood.
A.from B.of C.in D.for
（ ）2.The watch is made ______ Japan.
A.from B.in C.of D.for
（ ）3.The shoes are made ______ cloth.
A.from B.in C.of D.for
三、while与when的用法
1.when的含义是at or during the time that，既可用于指一点时间（从句的谓语动词需用终止性动词），也可用于指一段时间（从句的谓语动词用延续性动词），从句与主句里面的谓语动词所表示的动作或状态能同时发生，或一先一后发生。
He wants to help people when they are ill.他想在人们生病的时候帮助他们。
When he got to Shanghai，the ship had already set off.他到达上海时，轮船已经开走了。
2.while的含义是during the time that，只能用于指一段时间（从句的谓语动词必须是延续性的），从句与主句里面的谓语动词所表示的动作只能同时发生，不能一先一后发生。
While I was reading，my mother was washing clothes.我读书时，妈妈在洗衣服。
3.这两个词还可以用作并列连词。when表示“在那时”或“这时突然”，相当于and just at that time的意思，用来连接两个并列分句，有时when分句之前有逗号把前后两个分句分开。
I stayed till sunset，when it began to rain.我一直待到太阳下山，这时天开始下雨了。
4.while意为“而”，“却”，表示对照关系。
Some like collecting stamps，while others like planting flowers.有些人喜欢集邮，而有些人却喜欢种花。
强化训练
（ ）1.The two boys were talking ______ the teacher came in.
A.while B.when C.as D.for
（ ）2.What were you doing ______ the UFO landed?
A.when B.while C.before D.where
（ ）3.I was doing my homework ______ my mother was doing the dishes.
A.while B.that C.when D.as
（ ）4.I like watching TV after dinner ______ my husband likes reading newspapers.
A.when B.while
C.what D.that
（ ）5.Please call me ______ you arrive in Canada.
A.whileB.when
C.whereD.how
四、have gone to与have been in的用法
have gone 表示某人“去某地了”，不论是在途中还是到了目的地，重点是强调这个人已经不在说话人所在的地方了，常用于第三人称；have been in则表示一直“呆在某个地方”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用。
Henry has gone to London.亨利到伦敦去了。
They have been in Beijing for two weeks.他们在北京已经有两个星期了。
强化训练
汉译英
1.—你在上海住了多长时间了？
—半年了。
2.—玛丽在哪？
—她去老师办公室了。
3.—你去过伦敦吗？
—从来没有。
五、thanks，thanks to与thanks for的用法
1.thanks是名词thank的复数形式，意为“感谢”，表示“感谢”之意，可以说：Thanks a lot.Many thanks.A thousand thanks.
2.thanks to是介词词组，后面可以接名词或代词，意为“多亏”，“由于”，在句中作原因状语。
Thanks to the old man，we found the lost child at last.多亏那个老人，我们最后找到了失踪的孩子。
3.thanks for用于对别人已做的事表示感谢，后接名词、代词或ving形式。
Thanks for sending me such a nice present.谢谢你寄来这么好的礼品。
A thousand thanks for your help.非常感谢你的帮助。
强化训练
（ ）1.Thanks ______ sending money to charity.
A.to B.for C.up D.in
（ ）2.Thanks ______ the math teacher，she caught up with others.
A.to B.for C.with D.as
（ ）3.Thank you for ______ me to the party.
A.invites B.invite C.invited D.inviting
（ ）4.______ you，I was saved from drowning.A million ______ your help.
A.Thanks for；thanks toB.Thanks to；thanks for
C.Thank；thanks D.Thanks for；thanks
六、discover，invent与find
1.discover指发现一直存在但过去所不知道的，新奇或意外的东西。
Coal was first discovered and used in China.中国首先发现并使用了煤。
Columbus discovered America on the 12th of October，1492.1492年10月12日，哥伦布发现了美洲。
2.invent意为“发明”，即创造出以前从未存在过的东西。
Edison invented the electric lamp.爱迪生发明了电灯。
Radio had just been invented then.那时无线电刚刚发明出来。
3.find意为“找到”，侧重于找到过去丢失的人或物，但有时也表示凭经验或偶然发现了一种东西。
Today，corn is found all over the world.今天，全世界都有了玉米。
She found him a very good pupil.她发现他是个非常好的学生。
4.有时find和discover可以互相替代，意思相同。
His notebook was found/discovered in the desk.他的笔记本是在课桌里找到的。
强化训练
（ ）1.As we all know ，Columbus ______America and Edison ______light bulbs.
A.discovered；invented B.invented；discovered
C.discovered；discovered D.invented；invented
（ ）2.—Have you ______ your notebook?
—Not yet.
A.found B.look for C.find D.founded
（ ）3.Papermaking is ______ of ancient China.
A.one of great inventions B.one of the greatest inventors
C.one of great inventors D.one of the greatest inventions
（ ）4.—What are you doing?
—I’m______ my key.
A.finding B.founding C.looking for D.looking
（ ）5.Do you know who______ the steam engine?
A.inventor B.invention C.invent D.invented
七、a most，the most与most的用法
1.a most的用法
在“a most+形容词+名词”结构中，most是副词，意为“很，非常”，相当于very，用来修饰它后面的形容词，本句就是这一用法：
Guilin is a most beautiful city.桂林是座非常美丽的城市。
This is a most interesting story.这是一个非常有趣的故事。
2.the most 的用法
（1）在“the most+形容词+名词”结构中，most 是副词，表示程度，意为“最”，与其后的形容词一起构成形容词的最高级。
He is one of the most famous writers in China.他是中国最著名的作家之一。
This is the most difficult (one) of the three.这是这三者中最难的。
（2）在“动词+the most”结构中，most 也是副词，其作用和意思是“最”，其位置通常在动词后。
They like English the most.他们最喜欢英语。
3.most 通常有两种用法
（1）在“most+副词或形容词”结构中，most 是副词，意为“很，非常，十分”。
I shall most certainly go there.我十分肯定会到那里去。
（2）在“most+名词”结构中，most 是形容词，意为“大部分的，大多数”或“最多的”。
Most students like English.大多数学生喜欢英语。
Who has (the) most books among you? 你们中谁的书最多？
强化训练
（ ）1.Kunming is one of ______ in China.
A.a most beautiful city B.the most beautiful city
C.the most beautiful cities D.a most beautiful cities
（ ）2.My little brother is ______ funny boy.
A.the most B.a more C.a most D.the more
（ ）3.The ______，the ______.
A.most；better B.more；best C.most；best D.more；better
（ ）4.The headmaster told us that ______ the students could obey the rules.
A.most of B.more of C.most D.a most
（ ）5.He had the ______ money of all of the three.
A.most B.more C.a most D.a more
Keys:
快速辨析：
一、1.hear 2.hear；talking 3.heard from 4.of
二、1.A 2.B 3.C
三、1.B 2.A 3.A 4.B 5.B
四、1.—How long have you been in Shanghai?
—For half a year.
2.—Where is Mary?
—She has gone to the teacher’s office.
3.—Have you ever been to London?
—No，never.
五、1.B 2.A 3.D 4.B
六、1.A 2.A 3.D 4.C 5.D
七、1.C 2.C 3.D 4.A 5.A
词语点睛：
一、1.A 2.C 3.C 4.B 5.B
二、1.B 2.A 3.A 4.C
三、1.C 2.C 3.A 4.C
人教版九年级Unit 13~15
I.1~5 BDDBA 6~10 ABCCA 11~15 CDDBD 16~20 ABBAC 21~25 AACCA
II.1.mainly aimed at 2.at times 3.stamps 4.live on 5.cleaned out 6.suitable for 7.provide；with 8.spare
9.enormous 10.against
III.1.fresh 2.exchange 3.napkins 4.manners 5.uncomfortable 6.confusing 7.original 8.chores
9.suitcase 10.garage 11.Toothpaste 12.roofs
IV.1.to exchange 2.not only；but also 3.It is 4.had seen 5.What；to do 6.It is true 7.too weak to do
8.has already watered 9.didn’t he 10.have been polluted 11.used to be 12.is being pulled
V.1.adventurous 2.relaxation 3.are supposed 4.suppose 5.embarrassing 6.acceptable 7.have learnt
8.hasn’t finished 9.mainly 10.homeless 11.to recycle；recycling 12.keeping 13.pollution 14.education 15.playful
VI.1.family 2.woman’s 3.know 4.word 5.way 6.important 7.difficult 8.better 9.more 10.change
1.hear单独使用表示“听见”，“听到”，常用的结构有：
（1）hear sb/sth 听到某人或某物的声音
Haven’t you heard anything? 难道你没有听到什么声音？
（2）hear sb do sth 听到某人做某事
I often hear Li Ping read English in the morning.我经常在早晨听到李平读英语。
（3）hear sb doing sth 听到某人正在做某事
I heard him singing in the next room.我听见他正在隔壁房间里唱歌。
特别提示
hear sb do sth指听到整个行动或整个事件；而hear sb doing sth是指听到了行动的一部分，有正在发生的意思。试比较：
I heard the boy go down the stairs.我听到这个男孩走下楼去。
I heard the boy going down the stairs.我听到这个男孩下楼的声音。
2.hear from意为“收到……的信”；“得到……消息”。
How often do you hear from your father? 你每隔多久收到你父亲的信？
Have you still not heard from him? 你还没有收到他的信吗？
I haven’t heard from him since he telephoned.自从他打电话以来，我一直没有他的消息。
特别提示
hear from的宾语是表示人的名词或代词，而不是表示信件的名词。如：
我们好几个星期未收到他的信了。
误：We haven’t heard from his letter for weeks.
正：We haven’t heard from him for weeks.
正：We haven’t got a letter from him for weeks.
3.hear of意为“听说”，后面接名词，代词或动名词。
I’ve never heard of that before.我以前从未听说过那件事。
She disappeared and was never heard of again.她不知去向了，再未听到她的消息。
4.hear接从句，是“听说”的意思。
One day，the Smiths heard that there was a good doctor in a town not far away.一天，史密斯一家听说不远的镇里有一位好医生。
I hear that one of the moneys has a baby.我听说其中一只猴子生了个宝宝。
强化训练
1.I can’t___________you at all.我根本就听不到你的声音。
2.I___________(hear)him ___________(talk) in the next room.我听见他正在隔壁房间谈话。
3.I haven’t ___________(收到……来信) him since he telephoned.
4.—Have you ever heard___________Mr Smith，your new math teacher?
—Yes，just a little.
二、be made from/of
意为“由……（原料）制成”，后面一般接物质名词。接from则表示某物品制成后，已看不出原材料是什么，原材料在制作过程中已起了化学变化；接of表示某物品制成后，仍可看得出原材料，其原料在制作过程中仅起了物理变化。
Nylon is made from air，coal and water.尼龙是由空气，煤和水加工制成的。
Wine is made from grapes.葡萄酒是由葡萄制成的。
The desk is made of wood.这桌子是由木头做的。
知识拓展
1.be made up of表示某物或某组织由一种成分或一个个成员组成。
The world is made up of matter.世界是由物质构成的。
A TV set is made up of hundreds of different parts.电视机是由数百个不同的零件组装成的。
2.be made into意为“把……做成……”，主语在意义上为原材料，介词宾语在意义上为制成品。
Bamboo is also made into paper.竹子也可以用来造纸。
3.be made in意思是“在……（地点）制造”，介词in后接产地。
This kind of computer is made in the USA.这种电脑是美国制造的。
This printing machine was made in Beijing.这台印刷机是北京生产的。
4.be made by意思是“由……制造”，介词by后跟动作的执行者。
This model ship is made by Uncle Wang.这个轮船模型是由王叔叔制作的。
强化训练
（ ）1.Paper is made______ wood.
A.from B.of C.in D.for
（ ）2.The watch is made ______ Japan.
A.from B.in C.of D.for
（ ）3.The shoes are made ______ cloth.
A.from B.in C.of D.for
三、while与when的用法
1.when的含义是at or during the time that，既可用于指一点时间（从句的谓语动词需用终止性动词），也可用于指一段时间（从句的谓语动词用延续性动词），从句与主句里面的谓语动词所表示的动作或状态能同时发生，或一先一后发生。
He wants to help people when they are ill.他想在人们生病的时候帮助他们。
When he got to Shanghai，the ship had already set off.他到达上海时，轮船已经开走了。
2.while的含义是during the time that，只能用于指一段时间（从句的谓语动词必须是延续性的），从句与主句里面的谓语动词所表示的动作只能同时发生，不能一先一后发生。
While I was reading，my mother was washing clothes.我读书时，妈妈在洗衣服。
3.这两个词还可以用作并列连词。when表示“在那时”或“这时突然”，相当于and just at that time的意思，用来连接两个并列分句，有时when分句之前有逗号把前后两个分句分开。
I stayed till sunset，when it began to rain.我一直待到太阳下山，这时天开始下雨了。
4.while意为“而”，“却”，表示对照关系。
Some like collecting stamps，while others like planting flowers.有些人喜欢集邮，而有些人却喜欢种花。
强化训练
（ ）1.The two boys were talking ______ the teacher came in.
A.while B.when C.as D.for
（ ）2.What were you doing ______ the UFO landed?
A.when B.while C.before D.where
（ ）3.I was doing my homework ______ my mother was doing the dishes.
A.while B.that C.when D.as
（ ）4.I like watching TV after dinner ______ my husband likes reading newspapers.
A.when B.while
C.what D.that
（ ）5.Please call me ______ you arrive in Canada.
A.whileB.when
C.whereD.how
四、have gone to与have been in的用法
have gone 表示某人“去某地了”，不论是在途中还是到了目的地，重点是强调这个人已经不在说话人所在的地方了，常用于第三人称；have been in则表示一直“呆在某个地方”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用。
Henry has gone to London.亨利到伦敦去了。
They have been in Beijing for two weeks.他们在北京已经有两个星期了。
强化训练
汉译英
1.—你在上海住了多长时间了？
—半年了。
2.—玛丽在哪？
—她去老师办公室了。
3.—你去过伦敦吗？
—从来没有。
五、thanks，thanks to与thanks for的用法
1.thanks是名词thank的复数形式，意为“感谢”，表示“感谢”之意，可以说：Thanks a lot.Many thanks.A thousand thanks.
2.thanks to是介词词组，后面可以接名词或代词，意为“多亏”，“由于”，在句中作原因状语。
Thanks to the old man，we found the lost child at last.多亏那个老人，我们最后找到了失踪的孩子。
3.thanks for用于对别人已做的事表示感谢，后接名词、代词或ving形式。
Thanks for sending me such a nice present.谢谢你寄来这么好的礼品。
A thousand thanks for your help.非常感谢你的帮助。
强化训练
（ ）1.Thanks ______ sending money to charity.
A.to B.for C.up D.in
（ ）2.Thanks ______ the math teacher，she caught up with others.
A.to B.for C.with D.as
（ ）3.Thank you for ______ me to the party.
A.invites B.invite C.invited D.inviting
（ ）4.______ you，I was saved from drowning.A million ______ your help.
A.Thanks for；thanks toB.Thanks to；thanks for
C.Thank；thanks D.Thanks for；thanks
六、discover，invent与find
1.discover指发现一直存在但过去所不知道的，新奇或意外的东西。
Coal was first discovered and used in China.中国首先发现并使用了煤。
Columbus discovered America on the 12th of October，1492.1492年10月12日，哥伦布发现了美洲。
2.invent意为“发明”，即创造出以前从未存在过的东西。
Edison invented the electric lamp.爱迪生发明了电灯。
Radio had just been invented then.那时无线电刚刚发明出来。
3.find意为“找到”，侧重于找到过去丢失的人或物，但有时也表示凭经验或偶然发现了一种东西。
Today，corn is found all over the world.今天，全世界都有了玉米。
She found him a very good pupil.她发现他是个非常好的学生。
4.有时find和discover可以互相替代，意思相同。
His notebook was found/discovered in the desk.他的笔记本是在课桌里找到的。
强化训练
（ ）1.As we all know ，Columbus ______America and Edison ______light bulbs.
A.discovered；invented B.invented；discovered
C.discovered；discovered D.invented；invented
（ ）2.—Have you ______ your notebook?
—Not yet.
A.found B.look for C.find D.founded
（ ）3.Papermaking is ______ of ancient China.
A.one of great inventions B.one of the greatest inventors
C.one of great inventors D.one of the greatest inventions
（ ）4.—What are you doing?
—I’m______ my key.
A.finding B.founding C.looking for D.looking
（ ）5.Do you know who______ the steam engine?
A.inventor B.invention C.invent D.invented
七、a most，the most与most的用法
1.a most的用法
在“a most+形容词+名词”结构中，most是副词，意为“很，非常”，相当于very，用来修饰它后面的形容词，本句就是这一用法：
Guilin is a most beautiful city.桂林是座非常美丽的城市。
This is a most interesting story.这是一个非常有趣的故事。
2.the most 的用法
（1）在“the most+形容词+名词”结构中，most 是副词，表示程度，意为“最”，与其后的形容词一起构成形容词的最高级。
He is one of the most famous writers in China.他是中国最著名的作家之一。
This is the most difficult (one) of the three.这是这三者中最难的。
（2）在“动词+the most”结构中，most 也是副词，其作用和意思是“最”，其位置通常在动词后。
They like English the most.他们最喜欢英语。
3.most 通常有两种用法
（1）在“most+副词或形容词”结构中，most 是副词，意为“很，非常，十分”。
I shall most certainly go there.我十分肯定会到那里去。
（2）在“most+名词”结构中，most 是形容词，意为“大部分的，大多数”或“最多的”。
Most students like English.大多数学生喜欢英语。
Who has (the) most books among you? 你们中谁的书最多？
强化训练
（ ）1.Kunming is one of ______ in China.
A.a most beautiful city B.the most beautiful city
C.the most beautiful cities D.a most beautiful cities
（ ）2.My little brother is ______ funny boy.
A.the most B.a more C.a most D.the more
（ ）3.The ______，the ______.
A.most；better B.more；best C.most；best D.more；better
（ ）4.The headmaster told us that ______ the students could obey the rules.
A.most of B.more of C.most D.a most
（ ）5.He had the ______ money of all of the three.
A.most B.more C.a most D.a more
Keys:
快速辨析：
一、1.hear 2.hear；talking 3.heard from 4.of
二、1.A 2.B 3.C
三、1.B 2.A 3.A 4.B 5.B
四、1.—How long have you been in Shanghai?
—For half a year.
2.—Where is Mary?
—She has gone to the teacher’s office.
3.—Have you ever been to London?
—No，never.
五、1.B 2.A 3.D 4.B
六、1.A 2.A 3.D 4.C 5.D
七、1.C 2.C 3.D 4.A 5.A
词语点睛：
一、1.A 2.C 3.C 4.B 5.B
二、1.B 2.A 3.A 4.C
三、1.C 2.C 3.A 4.C
人教版九年级Unit 13~15
I.1~5 BDDBA 6~10 ABCCA 11~15 CDDBD 16~20 ABBAC 21~25 AACCA
II.1.mainly aimed at 2.at times 3.stamps 4.live on 5.cleaned out 6.suitable for 7.provide；with 8.spare
9.enormous 10.against
III.1.fresh 2.exchange 3.napkins 4.manners 5.uncomfortable 6.confusing 7.original 8.chores
9.suitcase 10.garage 11.Toothpaste 12.roofs
IV.1.to exchange 2.not only；but also 3.It is 4.had seen 5.What；to do 6.It is true 7.too weak to do
8.has already watered 9.didn’t he 10.have been polluted 11.used to be 12.is being pulled
V.1.adventurous 2.relaxation 3.are supposed 4.suppose 5.embarrassing 6.acceptable 7.have learnt
8.hasn’t finished 9.mainly 10.homeless 11.to recycle；recycling 12.keeping 13.pollution 14.education 15.playful
VI.1.family 2.woman’s 3.know 4.word 5.way 6.important 7.difficult 8.better 9.more 10.change